1. Tuesday, April 6, 2016 Level 3 Week 7

2. Announcements CASAS #2 tonight Units 8-12 test tomorrow Review for the midterm on Monday Midterm on Tuesday

3. Agenda Unit 11 Review answers Units 5-8 Review Unit 12 grammar (no vocabulary) CASAS #2 after the break

4. Unit 5 review- wh questions I saw Tommy. S V O When asking for specific information, use wh questions. How do you make wh- questions? Ex. Wh + aux + S + verb (pp. 61 Note 2 b.) Who(m) did you see yesterday? (object question) Jack saw me. S V O Who saw you? (subject question) Wh + V + O

5. Note 3 (detailed information about people and things) Questions about the subject Which car is red? (choice)The big car is red Whose water bottle is this? (possessive) How many students missed class yesterday? (number) Wh + N + V Question about the object Which class do you like?I like grammar class. Whose class do you like? I like Luisa’s class. How many students are you going to talk to ? I am going to talk to 2 students. Wh + N + Aux + S + verb

6. Questions about places, reason, time. Where/ why/ when Wh + aux + S + verb If the main verb is be, use this word order. Wh + be Who is absent? Or Wh + noun + be How many students are absent?

7. Unit 6 Future tense To talk about the future, there are 4 ways: Be going to I am going to have dinner with Kathy. WillClass will start at 6:29 PM tomorrow. (fact) Present progressiveI am traveling to Boston next weekend. (plans) Simple presentThe plane departs at 6 a.m. (schedule) For quick decisions, to make offers or promise, use will.

8. Unit 7 Future time clauses We use future time clauses to talk about two future events. Main clause time clause She is going to go to school when her husband gets home. What is happening first? futurepresent Before she goes home, she will stop by the gas station to get gas. She will stop by the gas station to get gas when she goes home. Which is happening first?

9. When, after and as soon as introduce the 1 st event. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. After I finish work, I am going to go to sleep. As soon as class is finished, we are going to drive home. Before and until introduce the second event. Before you leave, you are going to turn the lights off. I am not going to eat until you get here. While introduces an event that will happen at the same time as another event. While she is cooking, I will be reading. While she cooks, I will be reading.

10. Unit 8 Present perfect We use the present perfect with since and for to talk about something that began in the past and continues into the present and may continue into the future (we don’t know). What do you need to form the present perfect? Has/ have + past participle I have studied at Mt. Sac for 2 years. For = por I have studied at Mt. Sac since 2012. Since= desde I---------------  2012 when it began Study the list on your best friend for past participles. Total amount of time

12. Unit 12 Present Perfect Progressive The present perfect shows that an action is finished some time in the past. I have gone to Italy twice. ( I went to Italy two times in the past) The present perfect progressive shows that an action is unfinished. Have/ has + been + present progressive (verb + ing)

13. Present perfect progressivePresent Perfect The climate has been changingThe climate has changed for many years.many times. How many words are needed for the present perfect? How do you form the present perfect? How many words are needed for the present perfect progressive? How do you form the present perfect progressive?

14. Negative statements The climate has not been getting cooler. How do you form the negative present perfect progressive? Have/ has + not + been + present participle  verb + ing I have not been studying English grammar. 

15. Yes/ no and wh- questions The climate has been changing for many years. How would you change this into a yes/ no question? Have/ has+ subject+ been + present participle (verb +ing) Has the climate been changing for many years? It has been raining for over a week. How would you change this into a yes/ no question? How would you change this into a wh- question? Has it been raining for a week?How long has it been raining? How would you answer this?(wh + have/has + subject + been + present participle Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t.

16. Note 1 When we use the present perfect, why do we use it? To talk about events that started in the __________ and continue until __________ and maybe in to the ___________. We use the present perfect progressive, we use it to show that something is unfinished. It started in the past and is still continuing. The focus is on the continuation of the action.

17. Note 1 Past NowFuture _______________________________________________> Have been reading I’ve been reading a book about solar energy. ( I am still reading it).

18. Note 1 We often us the present perfect to show that something is finished. The focus is on the result of the action. Past NowFuture ____________X__________________________________> have read I’ve read a book about solar energy. (I finished the book). She’s written an article. (She finished the article).

19. Note 1 People have been designing homes that use less energy. Is this finished? No! What tense is this? Present perfect progressive Are people still designing homes that use less energy? Yes! = unfinished action An engineer has designed a new solar car. Is this finished? Yes! What tense is this? Is the engineer still designing solar cars? No! He/ she has already designed it. = finished action

20. Note 1 Be careful! The present perfect is used for actions that are finished- actions that started in the past and continue into the present. BUUUUUUUUTTTTTTT if you want to talk about the present perfect, you must use it to describe an unfinished action with since and for. The present perfect progressive for finished actions that ended in the recent past… A: You look tired. B: I am! I’ve been exercising. When do you think B finished exercising? AN hour ago or just a few minutes ago? We use the present progressive for actions that ended in the very recent past. The person looks tired now.

21. Note 1 Use the present perfect progressive for finished actions that ended in the very recent past. You can often still see the results of the action. Look! The streets are wet. It’s been raining. (it started raining very recently). NOT: It’s rained. Do NOT use non-action verbs, such as be, have, and know in the progressive. She’s had the same job since 2000. NOT: She’s been having the same job since 2000.

22. Note 1 (Be careful) We usually do NOT use non action verbs in the progressive. What are other some non-action verbs? Have, be, think, know…. How would we use these verbs in present perfect statements? I have had dinner. NOT I have been having dinner since 4:00PM. I have been to Japan. I have gone to Japan. OK I have been going to Japan for many years. I have thought about studying Chinese. OK I have been thinking about studying Chinese for a few months.

23. Note 2 Present perfect progressive How long + unfinished action Ex. I’ve been reading books about wind energy for two months. I’ve been studying for three hours. He’s been cooking for one hour. They’ve been working all day.

24. Note 2 Present perfect How much, how many things, how many times + finished action Ex. I’ve read a lot about it. She’s written three articles. I’ve read that book twice. I’ve talked to a lot of people. I’ve mailed three packages. He’s called me twice.

25. Note 3 She has been working in Africa for a year. She has worked in Africa for a year. Sometimes, you can use either the present perfect progressive or the present perfect. The meaning is basically the same. This is true with verbs such as live, study, teach and work with for or since. She’s been teaching French since she got her degree. (She hasn’t always taught French= temporary). She’s always taught Spanish. (She has taught Spanish since she started teaching= permanent. The present perfect progressive can express that the action is temporary and the present perfect can express that the action is permanent.

26. Exercies 1, 2,5,6

27. CASAS sheets