1. Cell Cycle and Mitosis Where you have to Divide to Multiply

2. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic organisms include bacteria, while plants and animals are eukaryotic

3. Prokaryotic Cells  Lack a nucleus  Have a single chromosome  Are membrane enclosed  Have a cell wall  Contain ribosomes  Contain cytoplasm  Include bacteria

4. Binary Fission the reproduction of a cell or a one-celled organism by division into two nearly equal parts  The three steps to binary fission  The cells increase their cell mass slightly  DNA & cell components are replicated  Each cell divides into two daughter cells  E. Coli is a bacteria that reproduces by binary fission

5. Eukaryotic Cell Contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Asexually reproduce cells by mitosis

6. The Cell Cycle  Purpose of the cell cycle, or mitosis is to produce new cells for growth and repair of dead or damaged cells  The stages in the growth and reproduction of a cell are called the Cell Cycle  The Cell Cycle is divided into 5 stages  Interphase which is broken down into: G1, S and G2 phase  Mitosis, known as the M phase and is broken down into 4 parts  Cytokinesis

7. Interphase  Interphase is the phase where the cell spends the majority of its time and is sometimes referred to as the resting phase. It is divided into three phases.  G1 -is the first growth phase, the cell increases in size, carries out normal functions and organelles duplicate  S - synthesis phase DNA replicates; makes an exact copy of itself, the cells instructions are contained in the DNA  G2 - second growth phase cell continues to grow and make proteins that will be needed for mitosis; this stage is between the S phase and the M, or mitosis phase

8. Interphase  Cell metabolism is occurring  Chromosomes are not visible at this stage

9. Mitosis Here the cell uses it energy to divide the nucleus This is sometimes called karyokinesis which means division of the nucleus Mitosis is divided into 4 stages prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

10. Prophase Events: DNA tightly coils and becomes visible chromosomes (in humans that is 23 pairs) Duplicated chromosomes are referred to as sister chromatids and are connected by a centromere Nuclear membrane disappears in order for the nucleus to divide Nucleolus disappears Centrioles migrate to the poles (Here the cell is being compared to the earth & it is opposite sides of the cell) Spindle fibers begin to form from the centrioles

11. Metaphase Spindle fibers from centrioles attach to each chromosome at the centromere Cell aligns the chromosomes in the middle, or equator of the cell Cell prepares to separate its chromosomes

12. Anaphase Sister chromatids are separated and become chromosomes Spindle fibers shorten and pull chromosomes into the poles

13. Telophase The chromosomes have reached opposite poles The nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes The nucleolus reappears Chromosomes straighten out meaning they are no longer coiled, condensed and visible In animal cells the cell membrane begins to pinch in the center In plant cells, a cell plate begins to form

14. Cytokinesis This is the last phase or stage of the cell cycle Means division of the cytoplasm Here the cell is separated making two identical daughter cells In animal cells the cell membrane pinches down and cuts the two cells apart In plant cells, the cell plate cuts through the cell wall separating the two+

15. And so, the multiplication of cells resulted from the division of one cell