2. Occupational and traffic accidents among veterinary surgeons Stress Medicine 16 (2000) 243~257 R. Trimpop, E. J. Austin and B. D. Kirkcaldy 報告者： 林秀芸

3. Outline Objective Literature review Method Results Conclusion

4. Objective Investigating the predictors of work- related accidents for vets

5. Literature review work injuries/accidents or work-related diseases –Europe: 1/15 –Fatality: 8000, compensation was up to 20000 million ECU –Germany: compensation—40 billion Deutsche Mark –US: 50 billion

6. Literature review Potential accident cause –Place, time, environment –Individual error, technical defects, organizational management, ergonomic flaw, sabotage, lack of attention, low safety priority

7. Literature review Accident of chemistry decreased –management system –focus on employee health and safety (on and off job) –strong safety culture –Participatory approach, not control- oriented

8. Literature review Veterinary practices – risk of being involved in accidents, suicide, and divorces –Other potential causes: long working hours, long driving distances, road variety, weather conditions, fearful animals

9. Literature review Sparks et al.: associations between working hours and physical & psychological health problems Relationship between excessive workload and work-related injuries among adolescents Features of vets practices: long working hours

10. Literature review Individual factors –age, work hours, personality and attitude –Style of behavior and decision-making As to traffic accidents, individual factors were weak to explain, but profession was the best predictors.

11. Literature review Medical staff: accidents was not related to place, and caused by risk behavior, management, commitment, safety-orientation High job commitment of senior staff Work stress and satisfaction affected work-related injuries and accidents

12. Method N= 494 vets Age, gender, occupational status, parenthood, marital status, distance from company, traveling distance

14. Results Working hours would affect risk perceptions, and work pressure Emotional driving increased Drivers without accidents have less emotional driving behaviors

17. Traffic accidents –Driving distance –Risk-orientation Work-related accidents –Work pressure –Risk-orientation –Emotional driving

19. conclusions Vets: social and financial constraints, and higher work pressure Solution: declined pressure, and higher work satisfaction Participatory traffic-circles can leads to behavioral changes, and it might be applicable for medical staff.

20. The End Thank You