2. Unclassified Cocoa Beach City Council (7 Aug 08) Lightning Safety Mr. William P. Roeder Meteorologist 45th Weather Squadron Lightning -- The Underrated Weather Hazard

3. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Overview LIGHTNING -- SIGNIFICANT HAZARD! FLORIDA LIGHTNING THREAT LIGHTNING SAFETY PROCEDURES Public Education Is The Answer!

4. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Lightning -- Significant Hazard LIGHTNING: The Underrated Weather Hazard! 2nd Leading Cause Of Storm Deaths In U.S. (~ 100 / Year) More Than Tornadoes! More Than Hurricanes!

5. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Lightning -- Significant Hazard (con’t.) LIGHTNING: The Underrated Weather Hazard! Inflicts Life-Long Debilitating Injuries On Many More Strikes ~ 1,000 / Year In U.S. Yet Lightning Safety Received Little Attention, Until Recently Courtesy of National Lightning Safety Institute

6. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Lightning -- Significant Hazard (con’t.) LIGHTNING: The Underrated Weather Hazard! $5 Billion Economic Impact Each Year In U.S. Airline ($2B) Insurance ($1B) 1 Claim For Every 60 Flashes Power Industry ($1B) Residential Fires ($147M) Wildfires ($20M) Electronics (?) National Lightning Safety Institute

7. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Florida Lightning Threat Dr. Richard Orville, Texas A&M University Florida -- Thunderstorm Capital Of U.S.! When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

8. Courtesy of NWS/Melbourne Central Florida Is “Lightning Alley” Tampa To Titusville Florida Lightning Threat (con’t.) When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

9. Florida Lightning Threat (con’t.) Florida Leads U.S. In Lightning Deaths And Lightning Casualties LIGHTNING INJURIES 1. FLORIDA 2. MI 3. NC 4. PA 5. NY 6. OH 7. TX 8. CO 9. GA 10. TN 1959-2001 (NWS/MLB, Bragaw) LIGHTNING DEATHS 1. FLORIDA 2. TX 3. NC 4. OH 5. NY 6. TN 7. LA 8. CO (#3 1990-2003) 9. MD 10. PA 1959-2003 (Holle Meteorology & Photography, Holle) When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

10. Lightning Is Leading Cause Of Weather Deaths In Florida Florida Lightning Threat (con’t.)

11. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Lightning Safety Procedures 45 SW / KSC Procedures Personal Procedures

12. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! On 45 SW / KSC, 45 WS Issues Lightning Advisories! Phase-1 Lightning Watch: Lightning Is Expected In 30 Min Within 5 NM Of The Point(s) Phase-2 Lightning Warning: Lightning Is Imminent Or Occurring Within 5 NM Of The Point(s) Issued For 14 Points On KSC, CCAFS, PAFB, Others USAF Adopted 2-Tier Approach In 1997 Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.) When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

13. 45 SW / KSC Lightning Safety Procedures Are World-Class, But Only If You Respond! Follow Local Procedures If No Local Procedures, Then Implement Them. In Interim... Phase-1: If Outdoors... If Near Proper Shelter Finish Vital Activities Quickly Go Inside If Not Near Proper Shelter Move To Shelter Immediately Phase-2: If Outdoors... Go Inside Immediately Phase-1/2: If Indoors, Stay There Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.) When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

14. Personal Procedures Lightning Safety Group Recommendations Newest Best Guidance! Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.) ‘LSG’ LITE! When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

15. No Guidelines 100% Safe Lightning Is Like An 800 Pound Gorilla! Q: What Does An 800 Pound Gorilla Eat? A: Anything It Wants Too! Q: Where Does Lightning Strike? A: Anywhere It Wants Too!! = 800 Pounds Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.)

16. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! SOAP Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.) When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

17. New Lightning Safety Slogan When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

18. Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.) LEVEL-1: Schedule Outdoor Events To Avoid The Threat Use Local Forecasts Know Local Weather Patterns Kudos To NWS / Melbourne! Provide Lightning Information In Forecast / Warnings www.srh.noaa.gov/mlb NOAA Weather Radio Graphical Hazardous Weather Outlook! National Leader!

19. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! LEVEL-2: Know When And Where To Go For Lightning Safety Watch For Approaching Or Locally Developing Storms When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! May Seem Too Conservative -- It’s NOT! 56 Nm CG-Lightning Documented! - Anvil Lightning - Rare Distance! “Bolt From The Blue” ~15 Nm “Bolt From The Blue” Not Uncommon Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.)

20. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Seek Safe Places Buildings Are Best Large, Fully Enclosed, With Wiring And Plumbing Vehicles Are Good Too Metal Roofs And Metal Sides No Place Outside Is Safe With Thunderstorms In The Area 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Outdoors Relative Lightning Protection Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.)

21. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Once In Proper Shelter, Avoid Conducting Paths To Outside Telephone (corded) Except In Emergencies Electrical Appliances / Wiring TVs And TV Cables Computers Light Switches Plumbing Showers Sinks Rest Rooms Pools Don’t Watch Lightning From Window / Doorway Inner Rooms Are Generally Better Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.)

22. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! LEVEL-3: If You Must Be Outside With Thunderstorms In The Area, Avoid: Elevated Places Open Areas (Sports Fields, Beaches) Tall Isolated Objects (Trees) Unprotected Pavilions (Rain & Picnic Shelters) Water Related Activities (Swimming, Boating, Fishing) Indoor Pools Too Large Metal Structures (Bleachers, Fences) Metal Doesn’t Attract Lightning, But Conducts It Long Distance Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.)

23. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

24. Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.) Telephone (5%) Farm & Heavy Equipment (9%) Open Areas (Includes Sports Fields, Golfing (6% of total), and Beaches) (49%) Water (Swimming, Boating, Fishing) (22%) Under Trees (13%) Radio Equipment (3%) Lightning Casualties In Florida (1959-1993) (Southeast Climate Center) When Thunderstorms Nearby, Avoid These Activities Like Your Life Depends On It -- It Does!

25. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Keep Away From Trees! When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

26. Keep Away From Trees! When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

27. Keep Away From Trees! When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Indoors!

28. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Keep Away From Trees! When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

29. Safety For Small Groups (Evacuation Time < 10 Min) Monitor Weather Forecasts Beforehand Reschedule As Appropriate Designate A Person To Monitor Weather Throughout Activity Continually Observe The Local Weather Remember ‘30 / 30 Rule’ Use NOAA Weather Radio Inform Everyone As Potential Threats Develop Seek Proper Shelter As Soon As Needed ‘30 / 30 Rule’ Can Be Used To Decide To Resume Activity Don’t Jump The Gun To Restart! Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.)

30. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.) Proceed To Safest Spot Possible Lightning Is Imminent If... Tingling Skin, Hair Sticking Out, Metal Vibrating (Zippers, Golf Clubs, Etc.), St. Elmo’s Fire, Crackling “Kee-Kee” Sound If Lightning Is Imminent... Separate From Others By Several Body Lengths Use “Lightning Crouch” Compromise Between Low Height & Little Area Touching Ground Do NOT Lie Flat On Ground! Proceed To Safest Spot Possible Lightning Is Imminent If... Tingling Skin, Hair Sticking Out, Metal Vibrating (Zippers, Golf Clubs, Etc.), St. Elmo’s Fire, Crackling “Kee-Kee” Sound If Lightning Is Imminent... Separate From Others By Several Body Lengths Use “Lightning Crouch” Compromise Between Low Height & Little Area Touching Ground Do NOT Lie Flat On Ground! LAST RESORT! If In An Unsafe Location... LEVEL-4: When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

31. SOAP Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.) ‘LSG’ LITE! When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

32. LEVEL-5: First Aid – All Deaths From Cardiac Arrest Start CPR Or Rescue Breathing, As Required Start CPR Or Rescue Breathing, As Required Have Someone Call 9-1-1 Have Someone Call 9-1-1 Use Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) Use Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) If AED Not Available, Or If It Doesn’t Help, Continue CPR Or Rescue Breathing If AED Not Available, Or If It Doesn’t Help, Continue CPR Or Rescue Breathing LEVEL-5: First Aid – All Deaths From Cardiac Arrest Start CPR Or Rescue Breathing, As Required Start CPR Or Rescue Breathing, As Required Have Someone Call 9-1-1 Have Someone Call 9-1-1 Use Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) Use Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) If AED Not Available, Or If It Doesn’t Help, Continue CPR Or Rescue Breathing If AED Not Available, Or If It Doesn’t Help, Continue CPR Or Rescue Breathing Lightning Safety Procedures (con’t.) National Lightning Safety Institute When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

33. MYTH: Lightning Is Death Ray Only ~ 10% Killed MYTH!: Lightning Victim Is Electrified -- Don’t Touch, Or Be Electrocuted It Is Safe To Apply First-Aid! But Beware Downed Live Wires In Thunderstorms; Touching Victim Then Is Dangerous ‘LSG’ Recommendations (con’t.) MYTH: Lightning Is Disintegrater Ray “Crispy Critter Myth” First-Aid For Lightning Victims (con’t.) When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

34. Other Considerations Protect Your Pets! Courtesy ‘Weather Channel’

35. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Other Considerations (con’t.) Unplug Valuable Electronics, BEFORE! Lightning Threat Plug-In Surge Protector Worthless For Direct Lightning Strike! Turn Off, If Left Plugged-In (Use Remote, If Available) When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

36. When Thunderstorms Are Nearby, You Have A Choice Go Inside, Or Else This Could Happen To You! Exploded Tree! Wrap Up

37. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Runway At Eglin AFB, FL (May 99) Wrap Up (con’t.) When Thunderstorms Are Nearby, You Have A Choice Go Inside, Or Else This Could Happen To You!

38. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Wrap Up (con’t.) Louisiana State Memorial (May, Jul 99) Stone Exploded! 3 Ton Blocks Moved! When Thunderstorms Are Nearby, You Have A Choice Go Inside, Or Else This Could Happen To You!

39. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Wrap Up (con’t.) Chinese Crested Dog When Thunderstorms Are Nearby, You Have A Choice Go Inside, Or Else This Could Happen To You!

40. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Summary Lightning Is Extremely Significant Hazard, Especially In Florida, But Far Too Often Underrated Lightning Safety Group Recommendations Can Help Improve Personal Lightning Safety Vast Majority Of Casualties Easily Prevented! But Inconvenient, So Be Diligent! Lightning Is Extremely Significant Hazard, Especially In Florida, But Far Too Often Underrated Lightning Safety Group Recommendations Can Help Improve Personal Lightning Safety Vast Majority Of Casualties Easily Prevented! But Inconvenient, So Be Diligent! When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

41. Courtesy ‘USA Today’ Review When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

42. Lightning Safety Web-Sites National Weather Service Lightning Safety Web-Page: - www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov National Severe Storms Laboratory: - www.nssl.noaa.gov/researchitems/lightning.html National Weather Service / Melbourne, FL: - www.srh.noaa.gov/mlb National Lightning Safety Institute: - www.lightningsafety.com Lightning Injury Research: - www.uic.edu/labs/lightninginjury Lightning Strike & Electric Shock Survivors International: - www.lightning-strike.org University Of Florida -- Boating Lightning Protection & Safety: - www.cdc.gov/nasd/docs/d000001-d000100/d000007/d000007.html - www.thomson.ece.ufl.edu/lightning ‘USA Today’: - www.usatoday.com/weather/wlightn0.htm Vaisala, Inc. (National Lightning Detection Network): - www.vaisala.com/businessareas/measurementsystems/thunderstorm/knowledgecenter

43. When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors! Upcoming Events F R E E ! Lightning Season: May - Sep 8th Annual National ‘Lightning Safety Awareness Week’ 22 - 28 June 08 www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov Peak Of Lightning And Lightning Casualty Season: July Beware ‘4th Of July’ – Surge In Outdoor ‘At Risk’ Activities Training Available On Request Handouts / Business Cards Lightning Season: May - Sep 8th Annual National ‘Lightning Safety Awareness Week’ 22 - 28 June 08 www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov Peak Of Lightning And Lightning Casualty Season: July Beware ‘4th Of July’ – Surge In Outdoor ‘At Risk’ Activities Training Available On Request Handouts / Business Cards When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

44. New Lightning Safety Slogan When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!

46. Lightning Safety QUESTIONS? www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov For Lightning Safety Briefings, Call... William P. Roeder william.roeder@patrick.af.mil (321) 853-8410 QUESTIONS? www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov For Lightning Safety Briefings, Call... William P. Roeder william.roeder@patrick.af.mil (321) 853-8410 When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors! Half An Hour Since Thunder Roars, Now Okay To Go Outdoors!