2. PLUS THE ELECTION OF DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER You like Ike?

3. For Monday Dr. Strangelove 1. Use of the atomic bomb for offensive and defensive purposes 2. Massive Retaliation 3. MAD 4. Missile Gap

4. Harry S Truman The Korean War, McCarthyism, and scandal made Truman too unpopular to contemplate another term Truman is replaced by Adlai Stevenson (Dem. Gov. IL) as the dem. nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower, head of U.S. forces in Europe during WWII is republican nominee Eisenhower wins, Richard Nixon is his VP. Republicans win control of House/Senate.

5. Rollback Truman’s “Containment” policy is morphed by Ike into “Rollback” Truman Doctrine become Eisenhower Doc. Roll Back: use CIA to push communism out of the 3 rd world. Threats involving nukes are also acceptable. “New Look” policy: expand nuclear strike forces “Massive Retaliation” – If either side uses one bomb the other will respond overwhelmingly. “Strategic Air Command” (SAC) – Nuclear bomber strike force 1. By 1957, SAC had 1,528 bombers and 766 refueling tankers

6. “New Look” look

7. B-36 Bomber

8. B-52 or the B-52’s

9. Ike and the 3 rd World Pres. Truman signs National Security Act into law in 1947. This replaces smaller intelligence gathering agencies with: 1. CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) 2. NSA (National Security Agency) Engage in covert operations ranging from aiding anti-communist forces to intelligence gathering Band-Aid solutions for communist countries we are trying to turn into pro-US allies.

10. Iran, 1953 Iran’s leader is Mahammad Moseddeq Iran/Russia have longstanding economic ties They sell lots of oil to Russia Ike asks them to not sell oil to Russia but sell to us. MM says no. Ike gets mad. Ike orders CIA to infiltrate Iran, organize a coup d'état (change of state). CIA supports the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and US gives him aid (money and supplies) to overthrow Moseddeq. Operation Ajax

11. Privatization of Suez Canal Suez Canal is a major trading point in the Middle east; England claims they own the canal. Egypt trades with USSR. Egypt wants a new dam on the Suez Canal and expects some cash from the U.S. We say no way. Egypt takes the Suez Canal from Eng/FR France & England get it back with US logistic help Ike gets Congress to okay authority to kick out com. aggression in Middle East: Eisenhower Doctrine

12. Guatemala South America: US little brother Domino Theory: if one goes, so will another nearby country. Guat. Elects Francisco Arbenz who wants to give land to peasants. Wanted to take it from an American company called the United Fruit Company, whose HQ is in America. UFC leans on Pres. Eisenhower to remove Arbenz from power. Arbenz overthrown by CIA sponsored Carlos Castillo.

13. Indochina (Vietnam) Indochina is a French colony in the 1950’s. Ho Chi Minh is the leader of the Vietminh, an anti- France communist group that wants independence Guerrilla warfare ensues against the French, they fight back. The U.S. aids France’s efforts against HCM. Diem Bien Phu: Big climatic battle between the French and Vietminh. France loses. France doesn’t want Vietnam anymore.

14. Cont… Geneva Conference -- 1954 1. Ho gets N. Vietnam and border established at 17 th parallel 2. Countrywide elections in 1956 If US allows elections, Ho will win in the south. Solution? We cancel elections SEATO – Southeast Asia Treaty Organization created to stop further communist aggression in the area. A NATO-like org. in Asia.