1. Bioinorganic chemistry
Introduction

2. Bioinorganic chemistry Lectures
Date
Week
Title
Lecturer
11 Sep 1
Introduction; Essential Elements
G. Toth
18 Sep 2
Evolution of the Bioelements and Their Incorporation into Biological Systems
25 Sep 3
Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals
Z. Berente
02 Oct 4
Bioinorganic Chemistry of the Main Group Metals (Al, Si, As, Sn, Tl, Pb, Bi)
09 Oct 5
Bioinorganic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, Metalloproteins I
16 Oct 6
Bioinorganic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, Metalloproteins II
23 Oct 7
National Holiday
30 Oct 8
Bioinorganic Chemistry of Iron; MIDTERM TEST
06 Nov 9
Metal Compounds in the Medical Practice
13 Nov 10
Biological Role of Nitrogen, Nitrogen Oxides and Reactive Nitrogen Species
A. Agocs
20 Nov 11
Oxygen, Ozone, Oxygen Containing Free Radicals
27 Nov 12
Phosphorus and Sulphur in Biological Systems
04 Dec 13
Biological Role of Selenium; Bioinorganic Chemistry of the Halogens
11 Dec 14
SEMESTER TEST

3. Bioinorganic chemistry as a highly interdisciplinary research field
biochemistry
(micro-) biology
physiology
physics
pharmacology
toxicology
Bioinorganic chemistry

4. Bioinorganic Chemistry
biological chemistry of the elements - inorganic chemistry of life
Living organisms require: 1. Temperature from 0°C to about 40 °C 2. Pressure of the order of 1 atm = 101 kPa 3. Salinity up to about 4% 4. pH in the range 4 to Redox potential -0.4 to V at pH = Water activity 0.7 to 1.0 mole fraction
Essential feature of life: Continuous adaptation to changing environmental conditions

5. Interrelationship between the three interlocking features of a biological system
Living system
DNA/RNA
plan
(genetics)
Proteins
Membranes
Saccharides
(machinery)
Electrones Ions
Energy
(bio-energetics)
compartments

6. Biológiai rendszerek általános felépítése
Élő szervezetek
DNA/RNA
(genetikai)
Proteinek
Membránok
Szénhidrátok
(felépítés)
Elektronok Ionok
Energia
(bio-energetikai)
csoportok

7. Evolution of life essential elements
Earth solidified ~ 4 billion years ago
81 stabile elements
Elements of the living organism:
Elements in large scale: 11 elements
H, C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca
Elements in small scale: 7 elements
Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, I, Mo
Elements of a few species: 7 elements
B, F, Si, V, Cr, Se, Sn

8. Non-essential elements
Life essential macro elements Life essential trace elements
H O C N P S Fe Cu Zn Mn Mo
Cl K Na Ca Mg Co Cr Se Ni F V
Non-essential elements Be
As Si B Li
Ag Sn Rb Cs Sr Ba Al
Y Ga In Tl Ge Pb Sb Bi Te Au
Br Sc Ti Zr Hf Nb Ta W Rc Cd Hg

9. Periodic Table
bulk eliments
for some species
trace eliments

10. Interaction of some elements (Chowdhuri, Chandra)Mn
Fe Cd Cu
Zn Pb Ca
Se Hg Cr

11. Concentration and physiological effect

12. % of total number of atoms in human body
Element
% of total number of atoms in human body
Number of grams in a 70-kg Man H 63
6580 O
25.5
48550 C
9.5
12590 N
1.4
1815 Ca
0.31
1700 P
0.22
680 K
0.06
250 S
0.05
100 Cl
0.03
115 Na 70 Mg
0.01 42 Fe
< 0.01 7
Mn, Co, Cu,
Zn, Mo, V,
Cr, Ni, F, 1
Si, Se, As

13. Chemical evolution of life:
~ 1.5 billion years ago
Formation of biologically important molecules
Biomonomers Biopolymers
~ ~1010
e.g.: HCN Nitriles Aminonitriles Amino acids Polypeptides

14. Miller-Urey Experiment (Spontaneous Generation)

15. Raw ingredients assumed to have
been present in atmosphere and hydrosphere
of Early Earth:
water
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
N-gases
S-gases
methane ?
yields: amino acids, sugars, nucleic
acid bases, lipids
Raw Ingredients
Monomers
Polymers
Cell Membrane
Reproduction
Living Cell

16. Origin of Life
Life was formed in fluid medium
Adaptation to a reducing atmosphere
Adaptation to an oxidizing atmosphere
ad. a) Cell-like structures:
- Hydrophobic interactions
(formation of coacervate droplets, micelle)
- Protenoid microsphere
- Primitive gene
ad. b) CO2, N2, CH4, H2O, CO, H2S, HCN, NH3
ad. c) Product of photosynthesis

17. Ion concentrations in sea water and extracellular blood plasma
Sea water (mM)
Blood plasma (mM)
Na+
470
138
Mg2+ 50 1
Ca2+ 10 3 K+ 4
Cl- 55
100
HPO2-4
0.001
SO2-4 28
Fe2+/3+
0.0001
0.02
Zn2+
Cu2+
0.015

18. Biopolymers
The chemistry of living organisms is called biochemistry Biochemical molecules tend to be very large and difficult to synthesize Living organisms are highly ordered. Therefore, living organism have very low entropy Most biologically important molecules are polymers, called biopolymers Biopolymers fall into three classes: proteins polysaccharides (carbohydrates), and nucleic acids