1. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Essentials of Human Communication, 6/e Chapter Ten: (Steps 1–6) (Steps 1–6) Public Speaking Preparation This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program

2. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Your First Steps Appreciating the benefits and skills of public speaking while managing your communication apprehension Select topic and purpose Select topic and purpose Analyze your audience Analyze your audience Formulate thesis; identify major propositions Formulate thesis; identify major propositions Research your topic Research your topic Support propositions Support propositions Organize speech materials Organize speech materials

3. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Benefits and Skills of Public Speaking Enhances social, academic, and career skills Enriches personal and professional competency Equips you to organize, explain, develop, and improve how you put together clear, credible, and supported ideas for various audiences Makes you a better listener

4. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 What is Public Speaking? One individual addressing a rather large group One individual addressing a rather large group In a continuous discourse In a continuous discourse In a face-to-face situation In a face-to-face situation Types: sales presentations, teaching, preaching, and company presentations Types: sales presentations, teaching, preaching, and company presentations Closest electronic comparison: the newsgroup Closest electronic comparison: the newsgroup

5. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Dealing with Communication Apprehension Strategies for reducing your stage fright: Gain experience Think positively See it as a conversation Stress similarities Prepare and practice thoroughly Move about and breathe deeply Avoid chemicals to cope

6. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Steps in Public Speaking Preparation and Delivery

7. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Step 1—Selecting… Topic  Choose topics that interest you by brainstorming, creating lists, reading the news  Make sure your topic is appropriate in scope and depth for your presentation Purpose  Decide General Purpose: to inform, to persuade  Focus Specific Purpose: identify what you want audience to believe, think, or do according to your guidance and information

8. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Step 2—Analyze the Audience  Sociology  Cultural Factors  Age  Gender  Occupation  Income  Lifestyle & social status  Religiousness  Psychology: How willing, favorable and knowledgeable is your audience?

9. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008  Focus on listeners as message senders  Ask “What If” questions  Address audience responses directly Analysis and Adaptation during the Speech

10. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Step 3—Researching Your Topic Always critically evaluate your information: Is it current, fair, logical, objective?   Libraries—Newspapers, journals, magazines, reference material   Internet—Electric libraries, online databases, online journals, search engines   Computer—Review CD-ROM/DVD reference material Integrate research into your speech but avoid plagiarizing someone else’s work.

11. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Step 4—Formulate Your Thesis Thesis is the main idea you want to convey to your audience And… Identify Your Main Points Eliminate points that seem least important to thesis Eliminate points that seem least important to thesis Combine points that have a common focus Combine points that have a common focus Select points that are most relevant to your audience Select points that are most relevant to your audience Use two, three, or four main points at most Use two, three, or four main points at most Phrase points in parallel style Phrase points in parallel style Develop distinct main points Develop distinct main points

12. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Step 5—Support Your Main Points  Examples, illustrations, and testimonies  Definitions  Statistics (summary figures)  Presentation aids (charts, graphs, tapes, CDs)  Logical support  Motivational support  Credibility appeals

13. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Step 6—Organize Your Information  Time pattern—in the order of events  Spatial pattern—trips or building descriptions  Topical pattern—subjects that are linked together  Problem-solution pattern  Cause-effect/effect-cause pattern  Motivated sequence

14. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Motivated Sequence Attention Attention Need Need Satisfaction Satisfaction Visualization Visualization Action (for persuasive speeches) Action (for persuasive speeches)

15. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon 2008 Other Thought Patterns  Structure-Function  Comparison/Contrast  Pro/Con  Claim and Proof  Multiple Definitions  Who? What? Why? Where? When?  Fiction-Fact