1. PoC Learnings Jai Bannur

2. PoC Goals Capture biometrics of rural Indians Capture biometrics of rural Indians – Assess the best biometric quality and accuracy achievable Children's biometrics – quality assessment Children's biometrics – quality assessment Time & Motion study of biometric process Time & Motion study of biometric process Ease of capture of iris images & enrollee response Ease of capture of iris images & enrollee response Optimal enrollment station layout Optimal enrollment station layout

3. PoC Facts PoC conducted in rural areas of Karnataka, AP, and Bihar PoC conducted in rural areas of Karnataka, AP, and Bihar – Total of 135,000 enrollments – 75,000 first time enrollments and 60,000 repeat enrollments after three weeks Children’s PoC: age range from 4 – 15 years Children’s PoC: age range from 4 – 15 years Face photo, iris image, slap fingerprints, and ten individual finger images collected Face photo, iris image, slap fingerprints, and ten individual finger images collected Experimented with process variations Experimented with process variations – For example, iris device mounted on a tripod Included quality check software in the enrollment client requiring operator to recapture if necessary Included quality check software in the enrollment client requiring operator to recapture if necessary – Later incorporated into the UID enrollment client

4. Conclusions Fingerprints and iris captured for most residents in rural settings with reasonable capture times Fingerprints and iris captured for most residents in rural settings with reasonable capture times – Needs quality conscious operators Accuracy achieved by using iris and three slap fingerprint images are more than an order of magnitude better than using either of the two biometrics individually Accuracy achieved by using iris and three slap fingerprint images are more than an order of magnitude better than using either of the two biometrics individually – The accuracy achieved by the multimodal enrollment is sufficient to scale up nationally Quality of children’s iris images and fingerprints are comparable to adults Quality of children’s iris images and fingerprints are comparable to adults

5. Conclusions Average biometric enrollment time is around three minutes Average biometric enrollment time is around three minutes Iris capture done with greater ease than fingerprints Iris capture done with greater ease than fingerprints – Enrollees do not seem to be uncomfortable with the process Process conclusions Process conclusions – The enrollee being passive with the operator doing the capture works best in the Indian Aadhaar context – Proper operator instructions are crucial to ensuring biometric quality

6. Demographic variations Rural India has many people with worn out fingerprints due to physical labor Rural India has many people with worn out fingerprints due to physical labor – Despite this, thousands of daily wage earners, beedi workers, agricultural workers, artisans, coolies etc. enrolled The key was to ensure that capture quality was monitored carefully by the operator The key was to ensure that capture quality was monitored carefully by the operator – people up to and above 80 years enrolled successfully

7. Demographic variations Majority of blind people have good irises and can have their irises captured Majority of blind people have good irises and can have their irises captured Percentage of enrollees with missing irises or fingers very small (less than 3% for fingerprints, and less than 1% for iris) Percentage of enrollees with missing irises or fingers very small (less than 3% for fingerprints, and less than 1% for iris) Older people take longer to enroll than younger people for face, fingerprints, and iris Older people take longer to enroll than younger people for face, fingerprints, and iris People in occupations doing physical work take longer to go through fingerprint capture than people who are not in physical labor intensive occupations People in occupations doing physical work take longer to go through fingerprint capture than people who are not in physical labor intensive occupations

8. Quality check software Quality check software was part of the PoC Quality check software was part of the PoC Improved version has been incorporated into the Aadhaar enrollment client Improved version has been incorporated into the Aadhaar enrollment client – Device independent quality check The quality check will ASSIST the operator in ensuring quality biometric capture. It will not automatically ensure good quality images The quality check will ASSIST the operator in ensuring quality biometric capture. It will not automatically ensure good quality images The internal quality numbers are translated into “actionable feedback” by the software The internal quality numbers are translated into “actionable feedback” by the software – There is a set of descriptive messages, such as “too little pressure” (for fingerprints) that will instruct the operator on what action to take

9. Operator instructions For iris capture, the resident needs to open their eyes wide open, look straight into the Iris camera, and not blink For iris capture, the resident needs to open their eyes wide open, look straight into the Iris camera, and not blink – Operator needs to give explicit instructions (eg: “look angry”) BEFORE the capture – For fingerprint capture, the fingers should not be too dry or too wet, and the pressure has to be adequate – The operator instructions are crucial since the enrollee is often confused exactly what to do

10. Enrollment station The workstation ergonomics affects both the enrollment time and biometric quality of the data The workstation ergonomics affects both the enrollment time and biometric quality of the data – We need to minimize enrollee movement during enrollment – Height of table, chairs etc. need to be matched to get good quality biometrics For iris particularly, it is important to have the device at eye level For iris particularly, it is important to have the device at eye level – Operator’s comfort also matters to the overall efficiency and quality of the enrollment

11. Thank You!