1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdHBM-h9r7E

2. The mood of a verb tells us what the speaker’s attitude is to what he/she is saying. Indicative: to indicate a fact Imperative: to give an instruction/ order Conditional: to indicate a hypothetical event or action Subjunctive: introduces subjectivity, emotion and doubt

3. Indicative Present Perfect Imperfect Simple past Near future Simple future Perfect future Imperative Present Conditional Present Perfect Subjunctive Present Perfect Imperfect Moods Tenses

4. The subjunctive is a mood.mood To form the present subjunctive, you need to take the ‘ils’ form of the present tense of the verb and remove the ‘ent’. Then add the appropriate endings: Ending je-e tu-es il/elle/on-e nous-ions vous-iez ils/elles-ent

5. Step 1: find ‘ils’ form of present: parlent Step 2: remove the ending: parl Step 3: add the new ending: vous parliez

6. AvoirÊtreVouloirPouvoirFaireAllerSavoir jeaiesoisveuillepuissefasseaillesache tuaiessoisveuillespuissesfassesaillessaches il/elle /on aitsoitveuillepuissefasseaillesache nousayonssoyonsvoulionspuissionsfassionsaillionssachions vousayezsoyezvouliezpuissiezfassiezailliezsachiez ils/ell es aientsoientveuillentpuissentfassentaillentsachent Stem= puissStem= fassStem= aillStem= sach This is the same as the imperfect so vouloir takes the imperfect for the nous and vous form of the subjunctive.

7. Envoyer Appeler Jetter Préférer Prendre Croire Mourir Recevoir Venir Devoir Payer Voir These are only irregular in the nous and vous form.

8. The subjunctive is used when talking about things that are uncertain and subjective. It is used to express doubt, a wish, judgement, emotion, possibility and necessity. Most of the time it comes after que or sometimes qui in the subordinate clause. But it is important to remember that subjunctive does not follow every time you use que or qui- this is only the case in certain situations.

9. Aimer que – to like that Préférer que- to prefer that Souhaiter que- to wish that Vouloir que- to want that Désirer que- to desire that Exiger que- to demand that Ordonner que- to order that Il faut que- it is necessary that Il est nécessaire que – it is necessary that Il est important que- it is important that Il est essentiel que- it is important that Desire Order Impersonal expressions of necessity/ advice

10. Je n’aime pas que tu mentes. I don’t like you to lie. Je préfère qu’il parte demain. I’d rather he left tomorrow. Il est essentiel que tu fasses tes devoirs. It’s essential that you do your homework.

11. Douter que Il est possible que Il n’est pas certain que Il semble que (however, if using reflexive i.e. Il me semble que, subjunctive is not used unless the reflexive is made negative) Avoir peur que Craindre que – to fear that/to be afraid that Ne pas être sûr que Ne pas penser que However, when these 2 expressions are not in the negative, the subjunctive is not used because there is no longer any doubt.

12. Je doute que ce soit vrai. I doubt that this is right/true. Il est possible que tu réussisses à ton examen. It is possible that you pass your exam. Il n’est pas certain qu’il vienne. It’s not certain that he’s coming. Il est à craindre que la pandémie devienne mondiale. It is to be feared that the pandemic becomes worldwide. Je crains qu’il ne vienne pas. I’m afraid (that) he’s not coming.

13. À condition que – on the condition that À moins que - unless Avant que- before Bien que- although Quoique- although/ even though Pour que- so that Afin que- so that Pourvu que- provided that Jusqu’à ce que- until

14. After qui or que when it follows a superlative or negative: C’est le plus joli bébé que je connaisse. (He’s the prettiest baby I know) Je n’ai rien qui puisse t’aider. (I don’t have anything that could help you) After que at the beginning of a sentence: Qu’elle revienne ou non, je m’en moque (Whether she comes back or not, I don’t care) After qui que (whoever), quel que (whatever), quoi que (whatever), où que (wherever): Quel que soit le prix, je l’achète. (Whatever the price is, I’m buying it) Où que tu ailles, je te suivrai. (Wherever you go, I’ll follow) Quoi que je fasse, ils me critiquent. (Whatever I do, they criticise me) Qui que ce soit, je ne suis pas là. (Whoever it is, I’m not here)

15. There are lots of expressions that use the subjunctive- I have mentioned the main ones under each category. For a fuller list, follow this link: http://french.about.com/od/grammar/ss/subjunctive. htm http://french.about.com/od/grammar/ss/subjunctive. htm

16. P.62: B, D, F, H, I