2. Welcome to Human Geography! Geography Geography Video

3. Warm-Up SILENTLY, Write in your journal where you believe we as humans get our culture.

4. Intro. To Culture RC # 3 Objective: 16 A - The student understands how the components of culture affect the way people live and shape the characteristics of regions. 17 A - describe and compare patterns of culture such as language, religion, land use, systems of education, and customs that make specific regions of the world distinctive; and Readiness Standard

5. What is Culture? Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared and passed on by a group Are you born with culture, or is it taught to you? Culture is learned Who teaches you culture? family, school, peers

6. What are the 8 Traits of Culture? 1.Language 2.Religion (beliefs / morals / mores) 3.Food and Shelter (Types / Styles) 4.Education Systems 5.Security/Protection 6.Relationships – Family and Others 7.Political and Social Organizations 8.Creative Expression - Recreation

7. 1. Language Allows for communication to exist Helps to establish cultural identities Oral tradition - Helps pass cultural traits along through generations There are between 3,000 and 6,500 different languages spoken in the world today Dialect – different versions of the same basic language

8. 2. Religion Belief in a supernatural power or powers major world religions Christianity 33% Islam 21% Hinduism 14% Buddhism 6% Sikhism.3% Judaism.2% Others About 27% Traditional / Animism 6% Non-Religious 16%

9. 3. Food and Shelter – The places we live and the things we eat

10. 4. Education How culture is taught or learned 1.Formal – Schools, Universities, Religion (church) 2.In-Formal – Family, Friends, Social Clubs / Groups

11. 5. Security/Protection Military – National Govt. Police – Local Govt. Family - Tribe

12. 6. Relationships – Gender Roles Family and Others Family Friends Classmates / Co-Workers

13. 7. Political and social organization Government System –Make rules and laws to keep society in order Clubs –Examples? Boys and Girls, Boy Scouts, FFA, Optimists, Fraternal organizations –Kiwanis, University, Veterans, Masonic etc.

14. 8. Creative Expression - Recreation Music –instruments, singing Art –Paintings, sculpture, photography Dance Theater Literature –Novels, Poems Architecture Sports Outdoor activities Hobbies

15. Culture Video

16. What is your culture?

17. Culture Project Interview Magazine

18. RC #3 Culture Culture. The student understands the ways in which cultures change and maintain continuity. The student is expected to (A) describe the impact of general processes such as migration, war, trade, independent inventions, and diffusion of ideas and motivations on cultural change; Readiness Standard (B) analyze cultural changes in specific regions; Supporting Standard (C) analyze examples of cultures that maintain traditional ways; and Supporting Standard (D) evaluate case studies of the spread of cultural traits to find examples of cultural convergence and divergence such as the spread of democratic ideas, U.S.-based fast-food franchises in Russia and Eastern Europe, or the English language as a major medium of international communication for scientists and business people. Supporting Standard

19. Warm-UP Everything that exists has a starting point. In order for there to be fire, there must be a spark. How do cultures begin? What is the spark that starts culture?

20. Where do cultures start? Cultural Hearth – where innovations, ideas, materials and technology begin

21. How are cultural regions organized? 1.Society – a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity and a culture 2.Ethnic groups – a specific group within a society that shares a common language, customs, and heritage

22. How do cultures change and spread? Diffusion – spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior Cultural Convergence Cultural Divergence Can you think of an example of this? Religions Languages Government / Economic Systems Food Music / Dance Clothing Architecture

23. How do cultures change and spread? Innovation – creating something new to meet a need Can you think of any examples of this? –Fire –Wheel –Paper –Gun Powder –Steam Engine –Computer

24. How do cultures change and spread? Assimilation – smaller society adopts the culture of a majority group Can you think of an example of this? Immigrants have to learn new language Acculturation – society accepts or adopts an innovation Can you think of an example of this? Food choices on North Lamar

25. What is Globalization? The integration of economic, political, and cultural systems across the globe Pro’s = New ideas, inventions, technology including medicines, education etc. spread around the world Con’s = the dominance of developed countries in decision- making, at the expense of poorer, less powerful nations? Globilization Slideshow

26. What is Pop Culture? cultural activities or products that are suited to or aimed at the general masses of people What causes its diffusion? –TV / Movies –Radio –Internet –Magazines

27. What is American Popular Culture? Rapid spread of modern American ideas, values, inventions and products around the world Is this a good or bad thing? Why?

28. Examples - How do cultures change and spread?

29. RC #3 Culture (17) Culture. The student understands the distribution, patterns, and characteristics of different cultures. The student is expected to… (A)describe and compare patterns of culture such as language, religion, land use, systems of education, and customs that make specific regions of the world distinctive; Readiness Standard (B) compare economic opportunities in different cultures for women and religious minorities in selected regions of the world. Supporting Standard

30. Warm – Up Religion Use the thematic map of religions to answer the following questions. 1.In which regions of the world do you find large numbers of the followers of Islam? 2.On which continents are traditional or tribal religions still practiced? 3.Where are the philosophies of Confucianism and Shintoism followed? 4.Where are the majority of the followers of Eastern Orthodox Christianity found? 5.Where did Buddhist philosophy spread from its cultural hearth or point of origin in India?

31. What is religion? The belief in a supernatural power or powers, responsible for the creation and maintenance of the universe Types of Religions? 1.Monotheistic – belief in one god 2.Polytheistic – belief in many gods 3.Animistic or Traditional – belief in the forces of nature

32. Religion

33. Graphic Org. w/ New Text

34. Judaism Symbol – Star of David Age of Religion – About 5000 yrs. Old % Followers Worldwide = <1% Name of Deity: God Founder– Abraham / Prophets Holy Books - Torah, and Talmud Leadership: Rabbi’s Cultural Hearth – Jerusalem, Israel Place of Worship – Temple or Synagogue Major Divisions (or groups)– – Orthodox, Conservative, Progressive

35. Christianity Symbol – Jesus on Cross Age of Religion – About 2010 yrs. % Followers Worldwide = 25% Name of Deity: God Founder – Jesus of Nazareth Holy Books – Bible (Old and New Testaments) Leadership- Priests, Pope, Preacher, Cultural Hearth – Present day Israel, (Jerusalem) Place of Worship – Church, Chapel, Cathedral Major Divisions or Groups– – Catholic – Protestant – Orthodox

36. Islam Symbol – Crescent Moon and Star Age of Religion: – About 1400 yrs. % Followers Worldwide =25% Name of Deity: Allah (God) Founder: – Mohammed Holy Books – Quran and the Hadith Leadership: Ayatollah, Cleric Cultural Hearth – Arabian Peninsula Major Divisions or Groups –Sunni & Shi’ite Place of worship – Mosque

37. Hinduism Symbol – Chakra Age of Religion: circa (about) 5000 – 3000 B.C.E. % of Followers Worldwide = 10% Name of Diety: Polytheistic (Many Gods) Founder - Priests of India Holy Books – Vedas, Bhagavad-Gita Leadership – Brahmins, priests, clergy Cultural Hearth – India Major Divisions or Groups Numerous schools and traditions Place of Worship – Temple

38. Buddhism Symbol – Dharmacakra Age of Religion – circa (about) 500 B.C.E. % of Followers Worldwide = 5% Name of Deity - Polytheistic Founder – Siddhartha Gautama Holy Books – Tripitaka Leadership: Dali Lama / Monks Cultural Hearth – India – However mostly practiced in East Asia today Major Divisions – Mahayana / Theravada Place of Worship – Temple

39. Sikhism Symbol: Khanda represents the Deg (cauldron or kettle) used to prepare food Age of Religion: 1469 – Present (over 500 years old) % Followers Worldwide:.36% (30,000,000 ) Name of Deity: God - Monotheistic Founder: Guru Nanak born in 1469 Holy Books: Sri Guru Granth Sahib – contains teachings of the 10 Gurus Leadership: 10 Gurus Cultural Hearth: Punjab, India Place of Worship: Gurdwara - means 'Gateway to the Guru' Major Divisions (or groups): Basic Beliefs: There is only One God. He is the same God for all people of all religions. The soul goes through cycles of births and deaths before it reaches the human form. The goal of our life is to lead an exemplary existence so that one may merge with God. Sikhs should remember God at all times and practice living a virtuous and truthful life while maintaining a balance between their spiritual obligations and temporal obligations. The true path to achieving salvation and merging with God does not require renunciation of the world or celibacy, but living the life of a householder, earning a honest living and avoiding worldly temptations and sins. Sikhism condemns blind rituals such as fasting, visiting places of pilgrimage, superstitions, worship of the dead, idol worship etc. Sikhism preaches that people of different races, religions, or sex are all equal in the eyes of God. It teaches the full equality of men and women. Women can participate in any religious function or perform any Sikh ceremony or lead the congregation in prayer.

40. Race, Ethnicity, and Culture

41. What is the difference between race and ethnicity? Race – biological and physical differences –skin color, cranial size and shape, and hair type. Ethnicity – values, institutions, and patterns of behavior within a group –(culture)

42. What is racism? Racism - One group believes it is superior to another Ethnocentrism - belief that your ethnicity is superior to all others Ethnic Stereotypes - Behaviors people believe to be true about all members of an ethnic group

43. What are some results of racism? Racial discrimination Examples? Tribalism Examples? Racial conflict Examples? Ethnic cleansing Examples? Genocide Examples?

44. “Ladder of Prejudice” The Fifth Rung: Extermination The First Rung: Speech The Second Rung: Avoidance The Third Rung: Discrimination The Fourth Rung: Physical Attack Have you seen examples of the first few rungs? What keeps it from escalating higher? What keeps it from reaching the final step? Tolerance.org

45. WHY DO THESE THINGS OCCUR? Fear of differences Fear of what we don’t understand How can we fix the problem? Cultural Validity- the belief that each culture is equally correct and has a right to exist

46. Warm Up Population Hit 7 Billion 10-31-11 What are some challenges governments face as population continues to rise? What can we do to help out?