1. The Problem of the West Western land raised new issues, including: land losses for several Indian tribes. 10s of 1000s of Americans rushing into newly acquired OH River Valley. Map: The Northwest Territory and the Land Survey System of the United States Land ordinances provided for organizing settlement, self-government & statehood. Land Ordinance of 1785 divided land into Townships for sale. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 abolished slavery in NW Territory. 1© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. MAP 7.7 The Northwest Territory and the Land Survey System of the United States The Land Ordinance of 1785 created an ordered system of survey (revised by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787), dividing the land into townships and sections. 2© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. The Land Ordinance of 1785 created an ordered system of survey (revised by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787), diving the land into townships and sections. 3© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. The Broadened Base of Politics Most states had greatly expanded the electorate. By eliminating from politics the Tories, there was a shift to the left. Progressive Conservative Many Americans accepted a new democratic ideology that asserted that governments should directly reflect popular wishes. 4© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

5. The First State Constitutions Conservatives argued for balanced government, fearing majority tyranny could lead to a violation of property rights. 14 states adopted constitutions between 1776 & 1780. New state constitutions shaped by debates between radicals and conservatives. Democrats had seized power in PA in 1776 & drafted a constitution that placed all power in a unicameral assembly elected by all free male taxpayers. ProgressiveConservative Conservatives controlled MD and designed a constitution to keep rulers and citizens separate. Other states drafted constitutions between these extremes. 5© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

6. Declaration of Rights VA’s Declaration of Rights provided model for other state guarantees of such rights as freedom of speech, assembly, and the press. State bills of rights were important precedents of the United States Bill of Rights. The 1776 New Jersey constitution enfranchised women, but most questions regarding women were related to the family. Led by Thomas Jefferson, states abolished aristocratic inheritance customs and established religious freedom. 6© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.