1. Unit 3 R ’ships with OE AOS 1 Historical Relationship AOS 2 Contemporary Relationships: Analyse and evaluate the factors influencing contemporary societal relationships with outdoor environments 3.2.1 3.2.1 contemporary societal relationships with outdoor environments reflected in different forms of: conservation, recreation, primary industries, and tourism practices

2. 3.2.2 3.2.2 the factors influencing contemporary societal relationships with outdoor environments, including: – the effects of different technologies – commercialisation of outdoor environments and outdoor experiences – portrayals of outdoor environments and outdoor experiences in the media, music, art, writing and advertising – social responses to risk taking – social and political discourses about climate change, water management, biosecurity and other contemporary environmental issues.

3. Four different forms of interactions with OE  Human interactions with OE refers to what people do in environments. We can categorise human interactions into four categories:

4. Far East Gippsland RecreationConservationPrimary Industries Tourism practices

5. Recreation  Define: Time spent away from work in activity outdoors.  Recreational interactions - Examples: fishing fishing hiking hiking surfing surfing rock climbing rock climbing bird watching bird watching camping camping mountain biking mountain biking 4WD 4WD …… ……

6. Recreation  Metaphors can assist in in our descriptions of human relationships with OE  E.g. playground, gymnasium, museum  Recreation can provide closer human-nature relationships  Recreation will have an impact on the OE in which they take place

7. Recreation - impacts  OE/venues can be/are altered under continual pressure from regular users  Those who interact with OE will often develop a bond with specific environments they use fosters a sense of custodianship to protect & sustain interactions fosters a sense of custodianship to protect & sustain interactions Fosters connection to OE Fosters connection to OE  Recreation based interest groups are often among the first to fight to protect environments they love

8. Conservation  Define: The protection and enhancement of the environment.  Conservation interaction - Examples: Environment groups Environment groups Creating of National Parks Creating of National Parks Management strategies Management strategies Conservation Laws Conservation Laws Minimal impact strategies Minimal impact strategies Reduction in use of resources Reduction in use of resources Reduction of waste and pollution Reduction of waste and pollution Education and awareness Education and awareness Development of environmentally friendly energy sources Development of environmentally friendly energy sources Other? __________________ Other? __________________

9. Conservation  Interacting with an OE for conservation involves human effort aimed at protection or restoration of an environment.  Not just hands on works (weeding, erosion control, fencing, pre-vegetation), also  Strategies, policies developed by land managers that focus on conservation E.g. Croajingolong NP Management Plan E.g. Croajingolong NP Management Plan

10. Conservation (cont’d) Campaigning for environment & against threats to environment Campaigning for environment & against threats to environment E.g. http://www.surfrider.org.au/branchesE.g. http://www.surfrider.org.au/brancheshttp://www.surfrider.org.au/branches

11.  Some interactions with OE provide humans with enjoyment, fun, excitement whereas conservation interactions focus on the environment before human benefits Environment as a museum, …storehouse Environment as a museum, …storehouse Spiritual connection, temple, place of worship Spiritual connection, temple, place of worship

12. Conservation-impacts  By focussing on preservation & restoration of OE, conservation interactions will directly or indirectly lead to positive impacts, e.g. Human efforts to assist in maintaining or restoring biodiversity Human efforts to assist in maintaining or restoring biodiversity Grazing property adopting sustainable practices Grazing property adopting sustainable practices Well managed NP with resources & infrastructure to minimise visitor impact & protect OE Well managed NP with resources & infrastructure to minimise visitor impact & protect OE Conservation groups influencing government & society Conservation groups influencing government & society

13. Primary Industries  Define: Activities + resources that provide an income for the owners + employees of businesses associated with outdoor environments.  Commercial Interactions - Examples: trading of goods, trading of goods, sealing, sealing, logging companies, logging companies,  Farming

14. Primary Industries  Utilising OE to grow, harvest, extract natural resources for use by humans  Contributes to wealth and well being of Society  Resource/environment as a commodity, which are bough & sold to generate profit E.g. abalone, forestry, farming E.g. abalone, forestry, farming

15.  An increasing need & recognition to adopt sustainable practices  Perceptions: OE as a resource for human needs  Exploiting environments to provide for our survival/comfort/needs/wants suggest a superiority over the environment  Are our needs more important than maintaining an ecological balance ?

16.  Tension between economic importance of the resource and environment  Many of the environmental impacts of primary industries can be profound and long lasting, e.g. Loss of habitat for animals in clear felling Loss of habitat for animals in clear felling Pressure on abalone stocks Pressure on abalone stocks Pollution of atmosphere from energy production Pollution of atmosphere from energy production Geelong supertrawler http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-02/arrival-geelong-star-vessel- reignites-super-trawler-debate/6368358 Geelong supertrawler http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-02/arrival-geelong-star-vessel- reignites-super-trawler-debate/6368358 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-02/arrival-geelong-star-vessel- reignites-super-trawler-debate/6368358 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-02/arrival-geelong-star-vessel- reignites-super-trawler-debate/6368358 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-30/albatross-deaths-force-aother-geelong-star-fishing-ban/7126852 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-30/albatross-deaths-force-aother-geelong-star-fishing-ban/7126852 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-30/albatross-deaths-force-aother-geelong-star-fishing-ban/7126852 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-17/whale-shark-escapes-nets-of-geelong-star-trawler-authorities-say/7177826 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-17/whale-shark-escapes-nets-of-geelong-star-trawler-authorities-say/7177826 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-17/whale-shark-escapes-nets-of-geelong-star-trawler-authorities-say/7177826

17. Tourism  Define: The visiting of places for leisure, recreation, challenge, education which is outside their usual environment.  Tourism interaction - Examples: Bus tours Bus tours Educational tours Educational tours Sight seeing Sight seeing Cruises Cruises Variety of accommodation Variety of accommodation Experiencing local culture/food/music Experiencing local culture/food/music Recreational activities – golf, birdwatching, walking, skiing, climbing, sailing, kayaking, 4WD, photography… Recreational activities – golf, birdwatching, walking, skiing, climbing, sailing, kayaking, 4WD, photography…

18. Tourism practices  Refers to people traveling to visit OE from their usual surroundings  Provides opportunities from commercially based recreation E.g. Loch Ard E.g. Loch Ard  The lake & beaches of Mallacoota attract tourists and create opportunities for commercial operators who see the opportunity to profit from their appeal  The buying and selling of outdoor experiences by commercial companies reflects the perception of environments as a resource  Environment as a commodity  Potential for negative impacts if environment overused & neglected

19.  Tourist perceptions will vary Sightseeing, marvelling - museum/ art gallery Sightseeing, marvelling - museum/ art gallery Thrill seeking – gymnasium/playground Thrill seeking – gymnasium/playground

20. Ecotourism  A response to expansion and impacts of mass commercial tourism  Balance of environment concerns & profit  Attempts to address threat to OE by Travelling to more natural OE less impacted by human intervention Travelling to more natural OE less impacted by human intervention Minimal impact practices Minimal impact practices Some profit back into environment Some profit back into environment Education Education Sustainability Sustainability

21. Case Study  Commercial and mass tourism can have significant negative impacts

22. Notes for Exam  Be able to compare and contrast relationships reflected in specific human interactions including: How the specific OE is being perceived How the specific OE is being perceived Possible impacts on OE Possible impacts on OE Similarities and differences b/w relationships Similarities and differences b/w relationships

23. Case Study  Contemporary Relationships with Mallacoota’s local environments  Follow format on pp 184 & 185, at least three dot points: Interactions Interactions Perceptions Perceptions Impacts, Impacts,  Conservation, Recreation, Primary Industries, Tourism practices