1. Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad Chapter 29

2. A. The “Bull Moose” Campaign of 1912 Roosevelt decided to run in a third party Thousands of supporters, including Jane Addams supported TR for president At his convention, which was like a religious revival, he said he felt as strong as a bull moose Thus, the name of his party stuck With Republican votes divided, Wilson had the election before it started Taft and TR battled it out, (Taft called TR an “Egotist” to which TR called him a “Fathead”) The heat of the campaign cooled off when a fanatic shot TR on his way to a campaign speech TR shrugged it off and spoke anyway

3. TR campaigned for what he called the New Nationalism. He favored consolidation of trusts and more regulatory agencies He also favored women’s suffrage Wilson called his plan the New Freedom He favored small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and free functioning of unregulated, unmonopolized markets Taft favored a cheeseburger He called his plan the Fatkins Diet

4. B. Wilson: The Idealist in Politics Wilson was the son of a Presbyterian minister Extremely religious and scholarly man Grew up in the South during the Civil War and Reconstruction Wilson believed the President should play a large role in gov. and lead by example He was brilliant, but lacked the showmanship and common appeal that TR had He was religiously idealistic and stubborn

5. C. Wilson Tackles the Tariff Wilson came into office with a plan It was an all-out assault on what he called the “Triple wall of privilege”: The Tariff, the banks, and the trusts He successfully lowered the tariff (Underwood Tariff Bill) He also instated the graduated income tax

6. D. Wilson Battles the Banks Still using the Civil War banking system Reserves were heavily concentrated in New York, making it difficult to distribute money elsewhere Wilson established the Federal Reserve System This issued paper money which made it easy to control to the supply of money

7. E. The President Tames the Trust Wilson next turned his sights on trusts and monopolies He created the Trade Commission Act of 1914 This was a presidentially appointed commission to crush monopolies and trusts Outlawed unfair trade practices, unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, and bribery Also created the Clayton Anti-Trust Act which strengthened the Sherman Ant-Trust Act This helped labor by legalizing strikes and peaceful picketing

8. F. Wilsonian Progressivism at High Tide Wilson’s ideas were a success Passed the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916, providing credit to farmers at low rates Workingmen’s Compensation Act of 1915, granted assistance to gov’t disabled employees Wilson’s Progressivism failed to secure better treatment for blacks

9. G. New Directions in Foreign Policy Wilson hated imperialism He declared war against both big stick diplomacy and dollar diplomacy Said that the U.S. should not financially support Latin America Repealed the Canal Tolls Act of 1912 which ridded American special canal privileges He signed the Jones Act of 1916 granted Philippine freedom as soon as a stable gov’t could be established

10. Between 1914-1915 disorders broke out in Haiti Wilson sent marines to protect Americans Same year rebellions broke out in the Dominican Republic and marines were sent again In 1917, Wilson purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark

11. H. The Mexican Revolution Porfirio Diaz was the leader of Mexico The U.S. had supported Diaz for 30 years and had business interests in Mexico The peasants and common people of Mexico did not support Diaz In 1911, Francisco Madero became president of Mexico, but couldn’t handle the demands After two years, Gen. Victoriano Huerta took over the government and executed Madero

12. In 1914, Wilson began to sell weapons to Huerta’s rivals Venustiano Carranza and Francisco “Poncho” Villa In the same year, Mexicans arrested a group of American sailors, but released them and apologized Wilson then asked Congress to use force, and the navy was deployed to Vera Cruz Huerta and Carranza both protested the U.S. use of force Huerta’s regime collapsed from internal problems and Carranza took over

13. Trouble didn’t end, however, Poncho Villa led another rebellion Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing to pursue Villa and punish him for the death of some Americans The U.S. kept sending troops into Mexico to catch Villa, but this made Carranza mad A possible war with Europe eventually force Wilson to withdraw troops

14. I. How the Great War Began Acronym for the causes of WWI: MANIA 1.Militiarism- countries amassing large armies 2.Alliances- Europeans countries were allied with each other creating a bad situation 3.Nationalism- Some minorities wanted to create their own countries 4. Imperialism- Europeans were competing for land and resources around the world 5. Assassination- Gavrilo Princip a Serb, assassinated Francis Ferdinand the archduke of Austria-Hungary

15. J. The Sides The Triple Entente (The Allies) France, Great Britain, and Russia The Central Powers Germany and Austria Hungary

16. At first, U.S. claimed Neutrality U.S. was closer to the allies than the central powers Eventually, Britain blockaded all U.S. trade with Central Powers Germany began using their u- boats (submarines) against vessels in the Atlantic They sank many ships including the Lusitania, a British passenger liner carrying 128 Americans Americans were shocked and angered at the sinking of the Lusitania U-boats also sunk the French passenger liner the Sussex

17. Sinking of the Sussex angered Wilson and Germany pledged not to sink anymore merchant vessels without warning This was called the Sussex pledge In return, the Allies were supposed to modify their blockade, which they did not Wilson won reelection in 1916, with the campaign slogan “he kept us out of war”