1. The Amendments

2. The Bill of Rights: The First 10 Amendments September, 1789 – Congress sends to the states 12 proposed Amendments 2 were not adopted The remaining 10 were ratified on December 15, 1791

3. 1 st Amendment Religion ▫No establishment – Free exercise Freedom of Speech Freedom of the Press The right to peaceably Assemble The right to Petition the government

4. 2 nd Amendment The right to keep and bear arms ▫In order to maintain a militia – security of the state

5. 3 rd Amendment No quartering of soldiers in civilian houses during peacetime, without the consent of the owner

6. 4 th Amendment Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures No warrants issued without ‘probable cause’ ▫Must describe the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized ▫Exception: Impending danger  Crime being committed – a person is in physical danger

7. 5 th Amendment Rights of the accused Due process of law ▫Charged with a crime ▫Given a trial Double Jeopardy ▫Charged with the same crime twice Right to remain silent (self incrimination) Eminent Domain ▫Taking private property for public use – must be compensated

8. 6 th Amendment The right to a speedy and fair trial by jury ▫Held in the state where the crime is committed The right to be informed of the accusation The right to confront witnesses against and obtain witnesses in favor The right to an attorney

9. 7 th Amendment The right to a trial by jury in civil cases ▫Common law – the right to sue for damages

10. 8 th Amendment No excessive bail or fines No cruel or unusual punishments

11. 9 th Amendment The people have other rights that are not listed in the Constitution ▫Un-enumerated Rights

12. 10 th Amendment Powers not delegated to the National government are reserved for the States

13. 11 th Amendment – 1795 Protects the states from lawsuits filed by citizens of other states or countries

14. 12 th Amendment – 1804 Requires separate ballots for the offices of president and vice president

15. 13 th Amendment – 1865 Bans slavery *Amendment 13, 14, and 15 are known as the Civil War Amendments

16. 14 th Amendment – 1868 Defines citizenship and citizens’ rights ▫Made former slaves U.S. citizens and gave them equal rights

17. 15 th Amendment – 1870 Prohibits national and state governments from denying the vote based on race ▫African-American suffrage

18. 16 th Amendment – 1913 Allows Congress to tax income ▫Federal Income Tax

19. 17 th Amendment – 1913 Establishes the direct election of U.S. senators

20. 18 th Amendment – 1919 Bans the making, selling, and shipping of alcoholic beverages ▫Prohibition

21. 19 th Amendment – 1920 Extends the right to vote to women ▫Women’s suffrage

22. 20 th Amendment – 1933 Changes the date for starting a new congressional term and inaugurating a new president ▫Lame Duck Amendment ▫March 4 th inauguration changed to January 20 th

23. 21 st Amendment – 1933 Repeals the 18 th Amendment ▫Ends Prohibition

24. 22 nd Amendment – 1951 Limits terms a president can serve to two ▫Maximum of 10 years

25. 23 rd Amendment – 1961 Gives citizens of Washington, D.C. the right to vote in presidential elections

26. 24 th Amendment – 1964 Bans poll taxes

27. 25 th Amendment – 1967 Establishes procedures for presidential succession ▫Death, physical or mental health ▫Removal of the president by the vice president with Cabinet and Congressional approval

28. 26 th Amendment – 1971 Gives 18-year-olds the right to vote in federal and state elections

29. 27 th Amendment – 1992 Limits the ability of Congress to increase its pay ▫Raises will go into effect after elections