1. Blood and Hematopoiesis

2. Functions of Blood

3. Hematopoiesis Higher Vertebrates Bone marrow, spleen lymph nodes, thymus Bone marrow, spleen lymph nodes, thymus Lower Vertebrates Liver, kidney capsule, cranial capsule, genital organs Liver, kidney capsule, cranial capsule, genital organs Embryonic and Fetal Yolk sac, liver, spleen, and bone marrow Yolk sac, liver, spleen, and bone marrow

5. Blood Plasma Homogeneous, alkaline fluid Contains albumin, globulins, water, inorganic ions, nutrients, and hormones Percent of plasma in whole blood is about 55%

6. Red Blood Cells

7. Erythrocyte A: Erythrocyte: B: Platelets

9. Reticulocyte A: Reticulocyte B: Erythrocyte

11. Clinical Connections

12. Sickle Cell Anemia Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle-cell disease Anemia is the failure to maintain adequate hemoglobin concentration RBCs assume an abnormal, sickle shape which decreases flexibility Occurs because of a mutation in the hemoglobin gene

13. Polycythemia Vera Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycythemia_vera

14. Granulocytes

15. Neutrophil A: Neutrophil B: Erythrocyte

16. A B

17. A B

18. Eosinophil A: Eosinophil: B: Erythrocyte.

19. A

21. Basophil A: Basophil B: Erythrocyte. C: Thrombocyte

22. A

24. Agranulocytes

25. Monocyte A: Monocyte B: Erythrocyte

27. Lymphocyte A: Lymphocyte B: Erythrocyte

29. Clinical Connections

30. Leukemia Broad term covering a wide spectrum of diseases - acute and chronic Lymphocytic or myelogenous Characterized by an abnormal increase in immature WBCs Diagnosed via blood smear or bone marrow biopsy Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia

31. Megakaryocyte & Platelets A: Megakaryocytes B: Platelets or thrombocytes

33. Review Name the cell types, percentage, lifespan and function

34. Review WBC% of WBCLifespanFunction NeverNeutrophil40-75%Circulation: 1 week Tissue: 1-4 days Phagocyte LetLymphocyte20-50%Circulation: months to yearsGeneral immunity Inflammatory Response MonkeysMonocyte2-10%Circulation: 2-5 days Tissue: 1-3 months Phagocyte EatEosinophil1-6%Circulation: 2 weeksParasitic invasion BananasBasophil < 1% Circulation: 1-2 yearsAllergic response Secretes histamine and heparin RBCLifespan Erythrocytes120 days

35. Lymphatic System

36. Lymphocyte Role in Immunity B Lymphocytes Originate from myeloid tissue and mature within bone marrow Originate from myeloid tissue and mature within bone marrow Activated by antigens and eventually differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies Activated by antigens and eventually differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies T Lymphocytes Originate from myeloid tissue and complete maturation in the thymus Originate from myeloid tissue and complete maturation in the thymus Role in the destruction of foreign macromolecules, viruses and antigens without producing antibodies Role in the destruction of foreign macromolecules, viruses and antigens without producing antibodies

37. Lymph and Lymphatics Lymph Contains water, electrolytes, and variable amounts of protein Returned to the circulatory system via thoracic duct and main lymphatic duct Lymphatic Vascular System Principle function is to return fluid, plasma proteins, lymphocytes, and immunoglobins back to circulation Picks up extracellular fluid from tissues and returns it to the circulatory system

38. Lymph Node Lymph Nodes Consists of a cortex and medulla Endothelial lined channels with phagocytic cells that clear foreign matter and bacteriaCortex The cortex appears darker and contains follicles The inner portion of the follicle is the germinal center Germinal center contains lymphoblasts, monoblasts, and plasma cells

39. Lymphoid Organs Spleen Largest lymphoid organ Consists of red and white pulp Also a “storage” area for bloodThymus First lymphoid organ to form First lymphoid organ to form Center for T cell development Center for T cell development Lymphatic Aggregations Peyer’s patches in the ileum Peyer’s patches in the ileum Appendix Appendix Tonsil Tonsil

40. Lymph Node A: Medulla B: Cortex C: Lymph nodules D: Germinal center D A B C

41. A B

42. A B C D

43. Germinal Center A B A: Cortex of lymph nodule B: Germinal center

44. A

46. Peyer’s Patch A B C D A: Mucosa of the ileum. B: Submucosa C: Peyer’s Patches D: Germinal center.

47. Practice

49. Appendix A B C C D D A: Invagination of the mucosa. B: Simple columnar epithelium. C: Lymphatic Nodule D: Germinal Center

51. Spleen A D B A A C A: White pulp B: Red pulp C: Trabecula D: Germinal Center.

53. A C B C Practice A: DCCTRA with elastic fibers B: Red pulp C: White pulp

54. Thymus A B C D E A: Cortex B: Medulla. C: Lobules of the thymus. D: Interlobular septa E: Hassall’s corpuscle.

55. A B B C

56. A B C

57. Tonsil A B C A: Lymph Nodule B: Germinal center C: Stratified squamous epithelium

58. A B

59. Lymphatic Vessel AB A: Lymphatic vessels are lined with endothelium which is simple squamous epithelium. B: Lymphatic valve