1. Analysis and Forming of Energy Efficiency and Green IT Metrics Framework for Sonera Helsinki Data Center HDC Matti Pärssinen Thesis supervisor: Prof. Jukka Manner Thesis advisor: DI Ilkka Äyräväinen

2. Research Questions The main research questions and sub questions are: 1.What is the most suitable set of energy efficiency metrics for Sonera Helsinki data center (HDC)? 1.What metrics are available? 2.What are the most suitable metrics for HDC? 3.How well the most suitable metrics cover the whole data center energy efficiency? 2.In order to gain the most impact, which energy efficient technologies should be implemented and in which order? 1.What kind of energy efficiency improving solutions exist within different domains of technology? 2.What are the most relevant solutions for Sonera HDC? 3.In which order should they be implemented?

3. SCOPE OF THE THESIS

4. Green IT = Renewable Energy + Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Metrics Energy Efficiency Solutions

5. Renewable Energy Big Picture Grid Renewable Products (PPA) Off-site renewables Diesel generatorsOn-site renewables Fossil fuel Carbon offset market (REC) Data centre ESD On-site Off-site

6. High-level view of the key cyber-physical components comprising a data center. Hot & Cold Aisle Topology Air Conditioning Systems Chilled Water Systems In-Row Cooling Systems Enterprise Core Multi-tier Networking Infrastructure (aggregators, switches, routers) Compute Infrastructure (server pools) Storage Infrastructure (RAID, SAN) Web services – Portals, web-based warehouses Application Services – Enterprise Resource Planning Core Services – DNS, DHCP, NTP, FTP Database Services – MS SQL, Oracle, Sybase Security Layer and Safe Failover Services Load Balancing, Power/Thermal Management Middleware – Enterprise Application Integration, Data Integration, ORBs Racks, trays, cabinets, pods, rooms Rack-to-rack interconnect Fiber uplinks, 1Gb, 10Gb, 40Gb Ethernet links Power Distribution Systems Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) Systems Standby Power Systems Mechanical SystemsIT SystemsServices Electrical SystemsConnectivity & Topology Scope of this thesis Not in the scope of this thesis

7. Critical points within a system where energy is lost or wasted System Main subsystem Supporting subsystem Energy Task Energy Input Energy Consumed Energy Used Task Energy Loss Energy Waste IDLE run of the system Redundant run of the system Energy not consumed by any subsystem Overhead of the supporting subsystem

8. ENERGY EFFICIENCY METRICS

9. Metric selection procedure Phase 1. Investigating Scientific Articles Phase 2. Forming the Table of Total Set of Metrics Phase 3. Categorization, Definition, and Evaluation of Metric Phase 4. Selection of Metrics to the Framework Phase 5. Final Metric Framework

10. Metric coverage matrix

11. ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS

12. Covered Areas

13. Green Cloud Architecture Elements Green Negotiator Energy Monitor Service Analyzer Service Scheduler Consumer Profiler WM Manager Pricing Accounting Power Off Power On Consumer Interface Cloud Interface Consumers or Their Brokers Green Service Allocator Virtual Machines (VM) Physical Machines

14. Main factors of energy efficient networks Energy Efficient Network Efficient Access Network Renewable Energy Remote Monitoring Efficient Electronic Equipments Efficient Network Processes Dimensioning (Planning)

15. CONCLUSIONS

16. Holistic Energy Efficiency Framework

17. Phased Plan for Energy Efficient Solutions