1. By: - Bhartrihari Pandiya MBA-107
Quality Circles
By: - Bhartrihari Pandiya
MBA-107

2. Introduction
A quality circle is a volunteer group, under the leadership of their supervisor, who are trained to identify, analyse and solve work-related problems and present their solutions to management in order to improve the performance of the organization.
Everyone’s involvement required.

3. Participative management technique within the framework of a companywide quality system in which small teams of (usually 6 to 12) employees voluntarily form to define and solve quality or performance related problem.

4. FROM….
The term quality circles derives from the concept of PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) circles developed by Dr. W. Edwards Deming.

5. HISTORY
Quality circles were first established in Japan in 1962; Kaoru Ishikawa has been credited with their creation.
JUSE
First circles were established at the Nippon Wireless and Telegraph Company

6. Types
Some quality circles (QCs)were established by the management (management-initiated); whereas others were formed based on requests of employees (self-initiated).
E.g:- Problem of their own or management problem
Analysis shows former is better.

7. Different quality circle tools
The Ishikawa or fishbone diagram 
The Pareto Chart- vital few than trivial many
20% of causes have 80% of impact-so prioritize
Stratification- divide problem in layers
Graphs
Check Sheets
Histogram- Frequency of distribution of data
Scatter diagram-Relation between paired data

8. QC Techniques Brainstorming- Involve everybody
Why Why approach- Root Cause and Effect
Affinity Diagrams-Relevant data have affinity
5S- Continuous quality and productivity
improvement

9. 3Mu- Muda (wastefulness), Muri (excessiveness), Mura(dispersion)
3Mu- Muda (wastefulness), Muri (excessiveness), Mura(dispersion).Reducing these is the aim.
5W1H- What, where, who, when, why and how
4M1E- Factors of production- Man, Machine, Materials, Methods and Environment.

10. Characteristics Small group
Continual control and improvement in quality of work, products and services
Autonomous operation
Utilization of Quality control concepts, tools and techniques
Self Development

11. QC leader Conducting QC circle meetings
Deciding the role of individual member in the group
Encouraging and improving members
Learn all tools and techniques and implement them to the best

12. Student quality circles (SCQ’s)
The idea of SQCs was presented by City Montessori School (CMS), Lucknow India at a conference in Hong Kong in October 1994 by Jagdish Gandhi. He learnt it from Kaizen in Japan.
World's first SQC was made in CMS Lucknow with then 13-year- old student, Ms. Sucheta Bihari as its leader. They help poor students,etc

13. Steps forward….
World Council for Total Quality & Excellence in Education was established in 1999 with its Corporate Office in Lucknow and head office at Singapore.
India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Mauritius, Iran, UK (Kingston University), and USA have such models.

14. Thank you