1. Mind-Mapping Mind-mapping is a form of brainstorming; It is an effective method for creating an outline for use in developing the body of any speech Your goal is to get as many ideas on paper as possible (i.e. brain-dump) After exhausting your own ideas, ask others for additional ideas Continue expanding your mind-map until: You run out of ideas (your own and others) You have enough detail for your speech’s purpose and time constraint 1

2. Example Scenario Assume we have been asked to present a 10-minute speech on “Bicycle Safety” during an annual bicycle rodeo at the local youth center. Audience members consist of: Children (ages 5 – 15) and their parents Local civilian and military officials Our Statement of Purpose: “My purpose today is to inform you about bicycle safety.” 2

3. Step 1 Purpose Statement: “My purpose today is to inform you about bicycle safety.” Begin by writing the topic (i.e. bicycle safety) in the center of a blank sheet of paper or on a whiteboard if available. Then draw a circle around the topic, like this… Bicycle Safety 3

4. Step 2: Jot down whatever ideas come to mind when you think of bicycle safety. Record the ideas around the outside of the center circle, draw a circle around each idea, and then connect it to the central idea. For example, some of my ideas were: helmets, lights, reflectors, protective gear, clothing, maintenance, traffic laws, and training. Can you think of any additional ideas? Bicycle Safety 4 Lights Reflectors Protective Gear Some of the major ideas surrounding the topic (bicycle safety) may eventually become subjects for main points and/or subpoints Helmets

5. Step 2 continued… Here is a more complete map with many more ideas. Note how each idea is connected to the central topic (i.e. Bicycle Safety). Bicycle Safety protective gear training traffic laws reflectors helmets lights injuries fatalities 5 maintenance Remember, some of the major ideas surrounding the topic (bicycle safety) may eventually become subjects for main points and/or subpoints

6. Step 3 The next step is to expand the individual ideas using the same brainstorming (braining-dumping) technique. Here is a demonstration using the idea (Traffic Laws): my ideas were City, State, Federal, and Post/Base. Can you think of any additional ideas? City Traffic Laws Post/Base Federal State 6 County

7. Step 4 We continue the process until we’ve achieved a desired level of detail (driven by time and purpose). Here, I’ve drilled down using the Post/Base idea. Can you think of any additional ideas? Housing Areas Post / Base Recreation Areas Military training areas Shopping areas Off-limit Areas 7

8. Step 5: Determining Major Categories (for transferring to the Body) Now, step back and look at your entire map. Group ideas together to form major categories. 8 Here’s what I came up with: Protection Training Statistics Note: You may see different categories and more or less categories. That is okay and expected. A mind-map is an individual creation so it will be different for each individual.

9. Step 6: Creating the Outline We continue to take ideas from our map and place them under major categories. In many cases, we will create minor categories to enhance/expand our outline. 9 Here’s what my outline looks like so far: Protection Personal Gear Helmets Equipment Lights Reflectors Maintenance Training Traffic Laws Statistics Injuries Fatalities Note that so far, I’ve only used information from my initial map. However, I can expand my outline even more by adding ideas from my additional brainstorming (see next slide).

10. Step 7: Expanding the Outline We continue to take ideas from our map and place them under various categories. 10 Here’s what my outline looks like Protection Personal Gear Helmets Clothing (protective/reflective) Footwear Equipment Lights Reflectors Emergency tool/repair kit Maintenance Routine Emergency Training Traffic Laws City/County Federal/State Post/Base On/off Limit Areas Shopping Center Roads/ Military Training Areas Housing Recreation Statistics Injuries Fatalities Now that we have a fairly good draft, the next step is converting our work here to a speaking outline.

11. Step 8: Creating the Body of the Speech Outline MP 1. Protection Subpoint 1. Personal Gear Sub-subpoint 1. Helmets Sub-subpoint 2. Clothing (protective/reflective) Sub-subpoint 3. Footwear Subpoint 2. Equipment Sub-subpoint 1. Lights Sub-subpoint 2. Reflectors Sub-subpoint 3. Emergency tool/repair kit Subpoint 3. Maintenance Sub-subpoint 1. Routine Sub-subpoint 2. Emergency MP 2. Training Subpoint 1. Traffic Laws Sub-subpoint 1. City/County Sub-subpoint 2. Federal/State Sub-subpoint 3. Post/Base Subpoint 2. On/off Limit Areas Sub-subpoint 1. Shopping Center Sub-subpoint 2.Roads / Military Training Areas Sub-subpoint 3. Housing Sub-subpoint 4. Recreation MP 3. Statistics Subpoint 1. Injuries Subpoint 2. Fatalities 11 Protection Personal Gear Helmets Clothing (protective/reflective) Footwear Equipment Lights Reflectors Emergency tool/repair kit Maintenance Routine Emergency Training Traffic Laws City/County Federal/State Post/Base On/off Limit Areas Shopping Center Roads/ Military Training Areas Housing Recreation Statistics Injuries Fatalities

12. 12 MP 1. Protection associated with bicycle safety falls into two major categories. Subpoint 1. The first category is Personal Protective Gear, which includes helmets, gloves, shoes, and elbow and knee pads. Sub-subpoint 1. There are many types of helmets and not all helmets are created equal. Look for helmets with a Department of Transportation’s (DOT) stamp of approval. The DOT requires rigorous testing of helmets to ensure they can take a severe blow from any angle and still protect the rider. Sub-subpoint 2. Also, bicycle riders should wear covered shoes and light gloves. Sub-subpoint 3. For new and inexperienced riders, elbow and knee pads are also highly recommended. This is especially important for young riders because the DOT says riders below the age of seven fall off their bicycle up to five times more than older riders Subpoint 2. The second category is Bicycle Protective Equipment, which includes reflectors, lights, and horns. Sub-subpoint 1. According to the DOT, bikes should have white reflectors mounted on the front of the bike, centered on the handlebars, and red reflectors mounted on the on back of the seat. Both reflectors should be visible from at least 200 feet at night. Sub-subpoint 2. If riding at night, the DOT requires bicycles to have a battery- or pedal-powered light capable of being seen from at least 500 feet. Sub-subpoint 3. Finally, the DOT recommends bicyclists equip their bikes with a horn that can be heard from at least 100 feet away. Subpoint 3. The last category is bicycle maintenance, which includes routine and emergency maintenance. Sub-subpoint 1. Routine maintenance occurs before leaving the house and includes checking tires for wear, ensuring proper air pressure, tightening spokes, adjusting brakes, and lubricating all cables and the chain. Sub-subpoint 2. Emergency maintenance occurs while on the road and requires a repair kit with tools and a safety kit. Transition: (to MP 2): Having and using personal protective gear protective gear and bicycle protective equipment protective equipment are very important, but they are not much good if the bicyclist is not trained well. Step 9: Composing the Full Speech (only MP 1 shown here) Note the use of topic sentences, signposts and the transition and the use of complete sentences. You may also note that some of the language changed from the previous slide. This is normal and in fact, you should expect to revise your outline several times while composing a speech.

13. Summary Mind-mapping is a form of brainstorming Goal is to get as many ideas as possible on paper (i.e. brain-dump) After exhausting own ideas, ask others for additional ideas Continue expanding the mind-map until: You run out of ideas (your own and others”) You have enough detail based on your purpose and time Determine major categories and subcategories Move ideas from the mind-map to an outline using categories Keep, expand, or eliminate ideas, categories and subcategories as needed/wanted Convert category outline to a speech outline with labels (MP 1, SP 1, S-SP 1, etc.) Compose the entire speech; editing and revising as needed 13