1. Civil War: Major Battles & Events Chapter 3, Sections 1 & 2 Reading Guide

2. #1. Battle of Fort Sumter What happened: the South fired on the North at a federal arsenal in South Carolina Significance: start of the Civil War Year: 1861

3. #2. Why was the Civil War called “the first modern war”? Its large armies consisted of every day people/civilians & volunteers instead of small well-trained armies Lots of supplies needed

4. #3. What types of new technologies were used by the military? Cone-shaped bullets for better accuracy and higher casualties Trenches & barricades Use of attrition (the wearing down of one side by the other through exhaustion of soldiers and resources)

5. #4. Battle of Bull Run: Who won: the Confederacy/the South Who was the major Confederate general: Stonewall Jackson

6. #5. Battle of Shiloh What happened: the Union/North won after a surprise attack by the Confederacy/South Who led the Union troops: General Ulysses S. Grant

7. #6. Battle of Vicksburg When did it happen: 1863 What is significant about it: General Grant took over this town, and cut off Confederate supplies by taking control of the Mississippi River Who won: the Union/North

8. #7. Battle of Antietam What happened: Union/North inflicted so many casualties on the Confederate/Southern troops that General Robert E. Lee was forced to retreat Significance: Bloodiest 1 day battle of the Civil War; Also, the Confederacy/South also lost its chance at having support from Britain

9. #8. Emancipation Proclamation What is it: a decree, issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in the Confederacy/South When was it issued: After the Union/Northern victory in Antietam (1863)

10. #9. Battle of Gettysburg Who won: the Union/North Why was this the turning point: Though both sides suffered great losses, the Confederacy/South could not recover, and were now on the defensive Casualties (deaths) on both sides: Union/North – 23,000 Confederacy/South – 28,000

11. #10. Sherman’s March to the Sea Who is Sherman: a Union General (William Tecumseh Sherman) What is the March to the Sea: when Union/Northern troops marched across Georgia, looting and destroying confederate towns, burning 12 cities

12. #11. Appomattox Court House Significance: General Lee of the Confederacy/South surrenders to General Grant of the Union/North, officially ending the Civil War Date: April 9, 1865