1. RACIAL VIOLENCE IN THE NEW SOUTH

2. STANDARD SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. Element a. Evaluate the impact the 1906 Atlanta Riot and the Leo Frank Case had on Georgia during this period.

3. ESSENTIAL QUESTION What do the Atlanta Race Riot and the Leo Frank case have in common?

4. THE 1906 ATLANTA RACE RIOT (1)Newspaper articles reported several attacks of white women by Africa American attacks of white women by Africa American men men ~ These articles were proved untrue ~ These articles were proved untrue (2) Unemployed whites viewed blacks as threats to jobs and the established social order to jobs and the established social order ~ Whites jealous of successful African ~ Whites jealous of successful African American business leaders American business leaders (3) Political candidates ran on a platform of white supremacy supremacy ~ This fueled racial discrimination ~ This fueled racial discrimination

5. THE 1906 ATLANTA RACE RIOT White men began to attack any White men began to attack any blacks on the street after reading blacks on the street after reading newspaper articles (Blacks began to newspaper articles (Blacks began to arm and defend themselves) arm and defend themselves) Two day riot began with over Two day riot began with over 5,000 people 5,000 people Martial Law: military forces used to control civilians Martial Law: military forces used to control civilians 25 African Americans killed; hundreds wounded 25 African Americans killed; hundreds wounded Lots of property damage Lots of property damage Proved that Booker T. Washington’s view that African Americans could achieve equality through hard work and economic success would not work in the South Proved that Booker T. Washington’s view that African Americans could achieve equality through hard work and economic success would not work in the South

6. ATLANTA RACE RIOT Video Logs Record at least 2 facts to share with the class. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/ra ce_riot_of_1906 http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/ra ce_riot_of_1906

7. MARY PHAGAN 13 year old child of poor 13 year old child of poor migrant farmers who had migrant farmers who had moved to Atlanta to find moved to Atlanta to find work work She found a job working She found a job working in the National Pencil in the National Pencil Company factory Company factory Her supervisor was Her supervisor was Leo Frank Leo Frank

8. LEO FRANK Jewish man from New Jewish man from New York York Highly educated Highly educated Moved to Atlanta to Moved to Atlanta to become manager of the become manager of the National Pencil Company National Pencil Company factory factory

9. THE LEO FRANK CASE Mary went to the factory to collect her $1.20 pay check from Leo Frank and never returned home Mary went to the factory to collect her $1.20 pay check from Leo Frank and never returned home Her body was found beaten in the basement of the factory Her body was found beaten in the basement of the factory The public demanded The public demanded justice justice There was little evidence There was little evidence against him against him He was found guilty and He was found guilty and sentenced to death sentenced to death Governor Slaton changed death sentence to life imprisonment Governor Slaton changed death sentence to life imprisonment Armed men took Frank from prison and lynched him Armed men took Frank from prison and lynched him White supremacist Ku Klux Klan was reborn as a result White supremacist Ku Klux Klan was reborn as a result

10. LEO FRANK CASE Video Logs Record at least 2 facts to share with the class. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/ne w_south_and_leo_frank http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/ne w_south_and_leo_frank

11. JIM CROW IN THE SOUTH

12. FIGHT FOR CIVIL RIGHTS o Civil Rights: rights a person has because they are a citizen o “Jim Crow” laws: passed to separate blacks and whites

13. PLESSY V. FERGUSON o Supreme Court decision which approved Jim Crow Laws o established the concept of “separate but equal” o decision in place until 1954 Homer Plessy

14. CUMMINGS V. RICHMOND COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION: o Supreme Court decision supporting segregated schools in Georgia

15. LOSS OF VOTING RIGHTS DISENFRANCHISEMENT o Laws were created to keep African Americans in the South from voting o Grandfather Clause: only those men whose fathers or grandfathers were eligible to vote in 1867 could vote o Poll Tax: a tax paid to vote (most African-Americans could not afford this) o voters had to own property (most African-Americans had been sharecroppers and did not own their own land) o voters had to pass a literacy test (different for different people) o Gerrymandering: election districts drawn up to divide the African American voters

16. PLESSY V. FERGUSON Video Logs Record at least 2 facts to share with the share.

17. AFRICAN AMERICAN ACHIEVERS IN THE NEW SOUTH

18. STANDARD SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. Element c. Explain the roles of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, John and Lugenia Burns Hope, and Alonzo Herndon.

19. ESSENTIAL QUESTION What key issues were significant during the New South era?

20. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON o Born a slave in Virginia o Civil rights leader of era o President of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama Alabama o Supported good relations between blacks and whites and whites o Worked to improve the lives of African Americans through economic independence Americans through economic independence o Believed social and political equality would come with improved economic conditions and education o Famous “Atlanta Compromise” speech (1895) o Criticized by DuBois and the NAACP for not demanding equality immediately o Died in 1915

21. W.E.B. DUBOIS o Born in Massachusetts o First experienced “Jim Crow” laws as a college student in Tennessee o Professor at Atlanta University o Believed in “action” if African Americans and whites were to understand and accept each other o Demanded immediate social and political rights o Thought Booker T. Washington was too accepting of social injustice o Wrote, “The Souls of Black Folk” (1903) o Helped to create the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and the Niagara Movement(joined African-Americans together to fight for civil rights

22. JOHN AND LUGENIA HOPE o Civil rights leaders o John was first black president of Morehouse and Atlanta University and Atlanta University o He was friends with Washington and DuBois DuBois o Like DuBois, believed that African Americans should actively work for Americans should actively work for equality equality o Part of group that organized the NAACP o Hope’s wife Lugenia, worked to improve sanitation, roads, healthcare and education for African American neighborhoods in Atlanta

23. ALONZO HERNDON o Born a slave in Georgia o “Rags to riches” story o Opened 3 barber shop businesses o His Peachtree street shop was known as the “Crystal Palace” which served elite white citizens in Atlanta “Crystal Palace” which served elite white citizens in Atlanta o 1905 opened Atlanta Mutual Life Insurance Company which sold life insurance to African-Americans o Today it is one of the largest African American businesses in the US o Worth over $200 million and operates in 17 states

24. WASHINGTON VS. DUBOIS Video Log Record at least 2 facts to share with the class.

25. THE ALONZO HERNDON FAMILY Video Log Record at least 2 facts to share with the class. http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/alonzo_herndon_family

26. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I

27. STANDARD SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. Element d. Give reasons for World War I and describe Georgia’s contributions.

28. ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were some of the causes of the outbreak of WWI?

29. WHAT CAUSED WWI? Militarism o policy of maintaining a large military to demonstrate a country’s power o European countries built huge militaries to intimidate other countries Alliance System o group of nations that promised to work together o as one country declared war, other “friend” nations declared war because of the promise to work together Imperialism o to send people to live in and govern another country o several European nations were trying to control the same areas Nationalism o feeling loyal and proud of one’s country often with the belief that it is better and more important than other countries o extreme patriotism o encouraged public support for military buildup of weapons

30. ASSASSINATION SPARKS A WORLD WAR o Heir to the Austria-Hungary throne, Franz Ferdinand, is assassinated by a Serbian nationalist Austria-Hungary Invades Serbia Austria-Hungary Invades Serbia Russia Russia Germany Germany France and Great Britain France and Great Britain

31. WORLD WAR I 1914-1918 Allied Powers Triple Entente Central Powers Triple Alliance o France o Great Britain o Russia o Germany o Austria-Hungary o Italy (changed sides) o Italy ~joined 1915~ o United States ~joined 1917~

32. Italy switched sides to join the Allies Triple Entente Triple Alliance Neutral

33. THE U.S. AND WWI o President Wilson worked to keep the U.S. out of the war-he declared the U.S. would remain neutral (not take sides and fight) o 1915: German submarine sank passenger ship sank passenger ship Lusitania killing 128 Lusitania killing 128 Americans Americans o 1917: sub attacks resumed sinking American ships o Zimmerman Telegram: Germany tried to get Mexico to attack the U.S. o Wilson finally joined the Allied Powers

34. GEORGIA IN WORLD WAR I o Over 100,000 Georgians volunteered to join the U.S. Armed forces o Training in Georgia at Camp Benning, Fort McPherson, and Benning, Fort McPherson, and Camp Gordon helped the Georgia Camp Gordon helped the Georgia economy economy o Georgians contributed manufactured goods and farm produce o Grew victory gardens to supply food for home front citizens. Created morale at home. o 3,000 young Georgians were killed in the war

36. RESULTS OF WWI o Ended November 11, 1918 - Armistice Day o Almost 10 million soldiers died o Consequences of WWI agreed on in the Treaty of Versailles on in the Treaty of Versailles o Germany held responsible for WWI and punished WWI and punished 1.had to pay for damage done to other countries to other countries 2.country’s size was reduced and German lands given to other countries 3.army made very small 4.lost colonies around the world to other countries o Germans angry, STRONG nationalism and resentment grows in the following decades resulting in the eventual rise of Adolf Hitler