1. Chapter 8 By Caitlin Alanna S. O’Keefe and Vivek Philip

2. 8.1 Science and Urban Life Skyscrapers With the invention of the Bessemer Process, architects like Louis Sullivan and Daniel Burnham were able to construct multi-story buildings that became known as skyscrapers. Flatiron

3. Electric Transportation  After the invention of electricity, cities were able to change their transportation by adding streetcars and trollies.  Some larger cities moved their rails under ground creating the first subways.

4. A Revolution in Printing By 1890, the literacy rate in the U.S had risen to 90% which caused publishers to turn out several numbers of books, magazines, and newspapers to meet the growing demand of the reading public. American Mills began to produce huge quantities of cheap paper from wood pulp.

5. Airplanes Orville and Wilbur Wright were the first people to ever fly an airplane (December 17, 1903). They experimented with new engines powerful enough to lift “heavier than air” craft aloft. By 1920, the U.S government had established the first transcontinental animal service.

6. Photography George Eastman developed a series of more convenient alternatives to the heavy glass plates previously used for pictures. He created the “Kodak” camera. New techniques eliminated the need to develop pictures right away.

7. 8.4 The Dawn of Mass Culture Amusement Parks Coney Island Amusement Park located in New York was a way for thousands of Americans to relax after a long week at the factory. This park lead to many forms of entertainment in the coming years. After Coney Island many major cities began to build parks and playgrounds. Coney Island

8. Fiction  With the literacy rate over 90% a new demand for reading occurred.  Most people didn’t want classic literature, this lead to the rise of fiction. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

9. Baseball  Baseball became one of the first popular sports.  Because people bought tickets, National Leagues quickly developed.  There were different leagues for blacks and whites.

10. Shopping  In 1890, the first mall opened in Cleveland, Ohio  Department stores were introduced to the US at this time. This focused on sales and clothing for women.

11. Paintings  At the start of the 20 th century many artists such as Thomas Eakins turned to styles like realism and photography.  Robert Henri started the Ashcan School of American Art.  Realism was quickly challenged by European abstract art. Fairman Rogers Four- In-Hand By Thomas Eakins

12. Citations  http://andrewprokos.com/photos/new-york/landmarks/flatiron- building/broadway-view/  http://www.uscg.mil/history/articles/indispensable_men.asp  http://www.raphaelgallery.org/painting-Thomas%20Eakins- Fairman%20Rogers%20Four-in-Hand-03982.htm  http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/chat/2332158/posts  http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/literally-psyched/2012/10/05/is- huckleberry-finns-ending-really-lacking-not-if-youre-talking-psychology/  http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/artifact_detail_large.cfm?aid=a_000 330&oid=ob_000220  http://www.uta.edu/english/tim/courses/3300s09/race.html  http://ghostsofdc.org/2012/06/07/cornelius-ford-auto-scandal-1914/  http://www.bridgemanart.com/search?filter_text=kodak+No.3+camera +1901&x=0&y=0