1. Prepared by Tuğçe Selin ERGEN Melek ARDA

2. CAPİTAL PUNISHMENT Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the killing of a person by judicial process as punishment. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. The term capital originates from Latin capitalis, literally "regarding the head" (Latin caput). Hence, a capital crime was originally one punished by the severing of the head.

3. FOR COUNTRY CAPITAL PUNISHMENT FOR COUNTRY CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 1.Capital punishment in Australia Capital punishment in Australia Capital punishment was last used in Australia in 1967, when Ronald Ryan was hanged in Victoria, he was the last of 114 people executed in the 20th century and previous to his execution Qusensland and New South Wales had already abolished the death penalty for murder

4. 2. Capital punishment in Brazil Capital punishment in Brazil was last used in 1861 and has not been officially used since the proclamation of the Republic in 1889. Brazil is traditionally the second country in the Americas to abolish the death penalty as a form of punishment, preceded by Costa Rica in 1859.

5. 3. Capital punishment in Canada The only method used in Canada for capital punishment was hanging.Before Canada eliminated the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976, 1,481 people were sentenced to death, with 710 executed. Of those executed, 697 were men and 13 were women. The last execution in Canada was on December 11, 1962.

7. 4. Capital punishment in France Capital Punishment in France existed officially from the Middle Ages and was abolished in 1981. The last executions took place in 1977, by guillotine, which had been the only legal execution method since the French Revalution. This was the last execution in the then European Community. The last person to be executed was Hamida Djandoubi, on September 10, and France's last executioner was Marcel Chevaliar.

8. 5.Capital punishment in Iran China in number of executions carried out, with 159 and 3400 respectively. Crimes that are punishable by execution include: sodomy,murder, apostasyamongst others. Iran has garnered much media attention and criticism due to a number of executions carried out on minors, despite having signed the Convention Capital punishment in Iran is widely prevalent;in 2004,the country eas second only to on the Rights of the Child, which forbids executing child offenders for crimes committed under the age of 18.

9. 6.Capital Punishment Russia Both the legal and moral status of Capital punishment in Russia are currently controversial. There exists both an implicit moratorium established by the President and an explicit one, established by the nation's highest court; however, the latter is due to expire early in 2010. Russia has not executed anyone since 1996, and the regulations of the Council of Europe prohibit it from doing so at any time in future. However, the death penalty still remains codified. Recently, former President Vladimir Putin said Russia will retain its moratorium.

10. 7. Capital punishment in Pakistan Capital punishment are legal in Pakistan. At least 241 people were sentenced to death in Pakistan in 2005, and at least 31 were executed - the fifth highest number in the world. Pakistan ranked fifth (total cases - not per capita) after the People’s Republic of China,Iran,Saudi Arabia and the United States.

11. 8.Capital punishment in Malaysia Capital punishment in Malaysia applies to murder,drug trafficking, treason, and waging war against Yang di- Pertuan Agong(the King). Recently, the law has been extended to include acts of terrorism. Any terrorists, and anyone who aids terrorists, financially or otherwise, are liable to face the death penalty.

12. 9.Capital punishment in Iraq Capital Punishment in Iraq was commonly used by the government of Saddam Hussein. After the invasion of Iraq in 2003, the U.S. administrator,L.Paul Bremer, suspended capital punishment, declaring that "the former regime used certain provisions of the penal code as a means of oppression, in violation of internationally acknowledged human rights." In May 2005, capital punishment was reinstated in Iraq. Iraqi law states that no person over the age of 70 can be executed. There is an automatic right to appeal on all such sentences. Iraqi Law requires execution within 30 days of all legal avenues being exhausted. The last legal step, before the execution proceeds, is for the condemned to be handed a red card. This is completed by an official of the court with details of the judgment and a notice that execution is imminent. In September 2005, three murderers were the first people to be executed since the restoration. Then on March99,2006, an official of Iraq's Supreme Judicial Council confirmed that Iraqi authorities had executed the first insurgents by hanging.27 people, including one woman, were executed by the Iraqi government on September 6,2006, for high crimes against civilians.

13. Execution of Saddam Hussein Execution of Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death by hanging for crimes against humanity on November 5, 2006, and was executed on December 30, 2006 at approximately 6:00 a.m. local time. During the drop there was an audible crack indicating that his neck was broken, a successful example of a long drop hanging. By contrast, Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, the head of the Mukhabarat, Saddam's security agency, and Awad Hamed al- Bandar, former chief judge, were executed on January 15, 2007, also by the long drop method, but Barzan was decapitated by the rope at the end of his fall indicating that the drop was too long. By contrast, Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, the head of the Mukhabarat, Saddam's security agency, and Awad Hamed al- Bandar, former chief judge, were executed on January 15, 2007, also by the long drop method, but Barzan was decapitated by the rope at the end of his fall indicating that the drop was too long. Also, former vice-president Taha Yassin Ramadan had been sentenced to life in prison on November 5, 2006, but the sentence was changed to death by hanging on February 12, 2007. He was the fourth and final man to be executed for the 1982 crimes against humanity on March 20, 2007. This time, the execution went smoothly and without obvious mistake or problem. At the Anfal genocide trial, Saddam's cousin Ali Hassan al- Majid (aka Chemical Ali), former defense minister Sultan Hashim Ahmed al-Tay, and former deputy Hussein Rashid Mohammed were sentenced to hang for their role in the Al- Anfal Campaign against the Kurds on June 24, 2007.