2. Standard 11.9.3 Discuss the diffusion of the civil rights movement and how the advances influenced the agendas, strategies, and effectiveness of the quest of American Indians, Asian Americans, and Hispanic Americans for civil rights and equal opportunities.

3. Hispanic Civil Rights Movement –Spanish-speakers arrived in America in the 1500s –Largest Minority Hispanic immigration increased after 1965 –Immigration and Nationality Act –Mexican immigration increased after the 1911 revolution –the bracero program of the 1940s from 1960s to 1980s –2 million immigrants

4. Immigration

5. Cesar Chavez –migrant workers tried to form unions but failed long hours, low wages, poor housing, no healthcare, exposure to chemicals –Organized the United Farm Workers –Strikes, boycotts, and hunger strikes

6. United Farm Workers –in 1975, California passed a law to recognize the rights of farmworkers to unionize

8. La Raza Unida Chicano Movement –La Raza Unida pushed for political gains for Hispanics lawsuits and elections cultural education at college and high school

9. Indian Civil Rights Movement American Indian Movement –AIM sought political rights for Native Americans focus was on Indians in urban ghettos land, mineral, and water rights self-government (fishing rights and religious rights)

10. Other Civil Rights Movement Activism became more militant (less peaceful) –Used Thurgood Marshall’s Example –Became politically savvy

12. Consumer Rights Unsafe at Any Speed, 1965 –Ralph Nader –traffic accidents and fatalities were on the rise –Profit over Safety –Seat Belts Required National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, 1966 Chevy Corvair

13. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) –OSHA requires businesses to provide basic safety standards for its employees guards on all moving parts permissible exposure limits personal protective equipment blood borne pathogens exposure to asbestos

14. The Environmental Movement Silent Spring, 1962 –Rachel Carson explained that pesticides (DDT) hurt animals –said that human activity affects the environment –began the environmentalist movement

15. We Love Mother Earth Earth Day (April 22, 1970) –created as a grassroots event to focus on helping the environment 2,000 colleges and universities 10,000 primary and secondary schools 100s of communities across the US 20,000,000 Americans

17. Clean Air and Water Clean Air Act, 1970 –limited automobile and factory emissions –smog checks and unleaded gas Clean Water Act, 1973 –limited industrial and agricultural waste

18. EPA Environmental Protection Agency, 1970 –EPA regulates the impact businesses have on the environment –Regulation raises costs and hurts the economy –Endangered Species Act, 1973 –gave federal protection to animals and plants bald eagle

19. The Environmental Movement Love Canal, 1978 –High rates of cancer and birth defects –Thousands of tons of chemical waste –Led to creation of Superfund

20. 3 Mile Isle Three Mile Island, 1979 –a partial nuclear meltdown in Pennsylvania sent panic across the nation the radiation was contained but 25,000 lived within 5 miles of it –no more nuclear power plants have been built since –still debate what to do with the nuclear waste