1. Chapter 13 Test Review

2. Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?
a. RNA polymerase
b. tRNA
c. mRNA
d. rRNA

3. What happens during translation?
a. Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code.
b. Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code.
c. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins.
d. Copies of DNA molecules are made.

4. In eukaryotes
a. Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleus.
b. Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.
c. Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus.
d. Transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.

5. When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is
a. repeated.
b. reversed.
c. lost.
d. transferred.

6. What are some characteristics of polyploidy plants?
a. They tend to be weaker and smaller than diploid plants.
b. They tend to be smaller, but stronger than diploid plants.
c. They tend to be weaker, but bigger than diploid plants.
d. They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants.

7. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ___________
in proteins.

8. Normal
Chromosome
Mutant 1
Mutant 2
. Mutant 1 in Figure 13–2 is the result of a(n) ________________ because part of the chromosome reverses direction.

9. What are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide?

10. Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a. adenine.
b. phosphate groups.
c. uracil.
d. thymine.

11. From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?
a. proteins
b. DNA
c. rRNA
d. tRNA

12. Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?
a. DNA to RNA to protein
b. protein to DNA to RNA
c. RNA to DNA to protein
d. RNA to protein to DNA

13. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true?
a. Some amino acids have no link to a codon.
b. Each codon specifies a different amino acid.
c. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
d. Each amino acid is specified by only one codon

14. . Insertions and deletions that change the entire genetic message that comes after the mutation are called ____________________.

15. . Most mutations
a. are helpful to an organism.
b. are fatal to an organism.
c. have no effect on an organism.
d. are harmful to an organism.

16. In RNA, is the sugar in the nucleotide.

17. The codon that signals the end of a growing polypeptide is called a(n).

18. The element bromine can cause a genetic change, so bromine is called a _____________.

19. Which nucleotide in Figure 13–1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA?
a. uracil b. cytosine
c. guanine d. adenine

20. How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids?
b. 6
c. 9
d. 12

21. Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?
a. point mutation
b. insertion
c. inversion
d. substitution

22. .
What term describes the kind of mutation occurring in the group above ?

23. The tRNA bases called the
The tRNA bases called the _____________ are complementary to three consecutive nucleotides on an mRNA molecule.

24. A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called
a. a point mutation.
b. an inversion.
c. a mutagen.
d. a translocation.

25. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

26. During transcription, ______________
During transcription, ______________ binds to DNA and assembles nucleotides into a strand that is complementary to the DNA template.

27. Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation AND a type of gene mutation?
a. inversion c. deletion
b. insertion d. substitution

28. What is structure E in Figure 13–5? What does it specify?

29. In Figure 13–5, what effect would the deletion of structure C have on the process that occurs during step Y?