WATER SAFETY PLAN TRAINING WORKSHOP (FOR URBAN SUPPLIES) Workshop Day 1.

WATER SAFETY PLAN TRAINING WORKSHOP (FOR URBAN SUPPLIES) Workshop Day 1

External assessments in 2011 WSPs externally reviewed in 2011 * KEY RECOMMENDATIONS * 1)More training is needed to increase master trainers’ knowledge base and comfort level with the WSP process. 2)A national training programme should be developed. 3)A model WSP should be created before any further WSPs are developed. In Bhutan:  Haa Town  Gelephu Town (Plus 3 rural systems)

A standardized training approach consisting of:  Facilitator handbook  Participant workbook  PowerPoint presentations WSP Training Package Launched November 2012

IWA/WHO standardized training package (based on the WSP Manual) Customized by Angella / Darryl Master trainer workshop materials (basis of master trainer workshop) Customized by master trainers Bhutan national WSP training package (basis of all future WSP training) National training program delivered in Wangdue to create a model WSP Delivered by master trainers Developing a national WSP training package in Bhutan 123

Reference Documents for Bhutan Prepared by Mr. Darryl Jackson (2012) WHO/IWA (2009)

Exercise: Participant introductions Introductions  Name  Organization/town  Interest in safe water  WSP experience

Workshop objectives  Introduce the Water Safety Plan (WSP) approach in sufficient detail to allow the supplier to develop and implement its own WSP

Workshop overview Day 1: Introduction and Modules 1-3 Day 2: Modules 4 plus field trip Day 3: Modules 5-9 Day 4: Modules 10-11 plus next steps

WSPs in Bhutan Water Safety Plans in Bhutan  Bhutan is participating in a WSP project supported by WHO and AusAID (since 2006 or 2007?)  Phase 2 (2010-2011) supported the development and implementation of WSPs for both urban and rural water supplies  Phase 3 (2012-2016) will support the development of national model WSPs (urban and rural), continued WSP scale-up and the establishment of WSPs as normal practice

WSP Project Countries

Exercise: Competency wheel Working individually, carry out the competency wheel exercise as described in the handout. 15 minutes A = 1 B = 0 C = 0 D = 0 E = 1 F = 2

WSP introduction  WSP background  What is a WSP?  What a WSP is NOT  Why do we need WSPs?  WSP approach  WSP benefits

WSP background Introduced by WHO in GDWQ (3rd Edition, 2004) The most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking water supply. “ ”

What is a WSP? A way to ensure safe drinking water by: Knowing the system thoroughly Identifying where and how problems could arise Putting barriers and management systems in place to stop the problems before they happen Making sure all parts of the system work properly    

What is a WSP? A comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that includes all steps in the water supply from catchment to consumer WATER SAFETY PLAN: Key definition: A WSP provides for an organized and structured system to minimize the chance of failure through oversight or lapse of management and for contingency plans to respond to system failure or unforeseen events. (GDWQ) “ ”

Manage water quality risks here… … to provide safe water here. Water Safety Plan Unsafe storage & handling at home Distribution

What a WSP is NOT A WSP is NOT: A new concept (rather, it pulls together well-established features and standards of international best practice) Just a document to be developed (rather, it is an improved system management approach to be implemented) A one-time exercise (rather, it is requires continuous maintenance and improvement over the long term) An additional workload for suppliers (rather, it represents what suppliers should be doing, and it builds on existing procedures)    

Why do we need WSPs? What are the problems with relying on water testing to confirm water safety? Without a risk management approach, water suppliers must rely on water testing to confirm water safety.

Water microbially contaminated Water sampled Test results Boil water advisory Day 11 Contaminated water consumed Day 10 Day 7 Day 0 TIME

Why do we need WSPs? Limitations of relying on water testing alone:  Reactive approach (problem has already occurred)  Sampling and testing take time (delayed response)  Test results provide a “spot check” only (problems can be missed in space and time)  Limited laboratory capacity (not all tests possible)  Testing can be very expensive Water quality testing is an important component of water supply system management, but it is not enough to ensure water safety.

Why do we need WSPs? Suppliers need a proactive approach to ensure water safety through good management of the complete water supply system. * WATER SAFETY PLAN *

WSP Approach: 3 Key WSP Objectives Minimize contamination of source water Reduce or remove contamination by treatment Prevent contamination during storage, distribution & handling 1 23

WSP approach: 3 key WSP objectives Can you think of an example of how we can… 1.minimize contamination of source water? 2.reduce or remove contamination by treatment? 3.prevent contamination during distribution, storage and handling?

Benefits of a WSP Utilities Clearer understanding of roles and responsibilities Helps to prioritize limited resources Improved relationships with stakeholders Increased compliance with water quality standards Reduced costs (operational, monitoring) Tool to justify budget requests to RGOB or donors Consumers Increased confidence in the water supply Safer water Regulators Increased compliance with drinking water quality standards Provides a standard upon which to base audits

Exercise: Water quality & health Working individually, complete the water quality and health exercise as described in the handout. 10 minutes (5 to complete; 5 to discuss)

Exercise: Water quality & health ParameterPotential health impactPotential source (in water) Escherichia Coli (E.coli) DiarrhoeaFaecal contamination Vibrio cholera Cholera (severe diarrhoeal disease) Faecal contamination Cryptosporidium parvum DiarrhoeaFaecal contamination Giardia intestinalis Diarrhoea and intestinal malabsorption Faecal contamination Fluoride Too much causes adverse changes in bone structure Naturally occurring in the environment and added during treatment Arsenic Skin changes and cancers of the skin, lungs and bladder Naturally occurring in the environment LeadAdverse neurological effectsOld pipes and plumbing

Water Safety Plan Manual: 11 Modules Additional reference: URBAN WATER SAFETY PLANNING PARTICIPANT’S NOTEBOOK Mr. Darryl Jackson (August 2012)

Module 1: Assemble team Module 2: Describe the water supply system Module 11: Revise WSP following incident Module 3: Identify the hazards & assess the risks Module 4: Determine & validate control measures, reassess & prioritize risks Module 5: Develop, implement & maintain an improvement plan Module 6: Define monitoring of control measures Module 7: Verify the effectiveness of the WSP Module 8: Prepare management procedures Module 9: Develop supporting programmes Module 10: Plan & carry out periodic WSP review Preparation System assessment Monitoring Management & communication Feedback & improvement WSP Approach 5 Stages 11 Modules

PARTICIPANT’S NOTEBOOK CHAPTERS C-D

Module 1: Assemble the WSP team Objective: To establish a multidisciplinary team to develop and implement with WSP.

Module 1: Assemble the WSP team Key actions: Engage senior management Identify required expertise Appoint a team leader Define roles and responsibilities Define the time frame 1 2 3 4 5

Key action 1: Engage senior management WHY? HOW?  Provide required resources (human and financial)  Support changes in work practices  Highlight WSP benefits  Regulatory requirement (Bhutan?)

WSP development & implementation requires:  WSP team members take time to develop the WSP  WSP team (and other staff) implement the WSP into long term Example WSP recommendations include:  Increased water quality monitoring  Additional staff training  Modifications to existing operations  Infrastructure improvements All of these activities require senior management support!

Key action 2: Identify required expertise Collectively, the team should have: Thorough knowledge of the complete water supply system Familiarity with all aspects of the organization An understanding of water quality standards Authority to implement change   CatchmentTreatmentDistributionUser External stakeholders should be considered for team membership, e.g. representatives from the health and/or environmental sectors.  

Module 1: Identify required expertise Typically, the team might include:  Managers  Engineers (operations, maintenance, design)  Staff involved in water sampling and testing  Technical staff involved in day-to-day system operation  Representatives of relevant catchment-level agencies  Representatives of relevant user groups

Key action 3: Appoint a team leader  Strong WSP team leadership is essential.  The team leader will play a critical role in driving WSP development and implementation.

Key action 4: Define roles & responsibilities The WSP-related roles and responsibilities of each team member should be clearly defined and documented. Maintaining long-term WSP team engagement & activity Challenge Emphasize the long-term nature of the WSP team Establish appropriate team meeting intervals for the WSP development and implementation phases Tips NameAffiliationTitleRole in WSP development and implementation Contact information Name of team member OrganizationJob titleWhat role with the team member play in the development and ongoing implementation of the WSP? Telephone number and email address

Key action 5: Define the time frame Time Required input  The time frame for WSP development should be clearly defined.  The time input required will be considerable in the beginning but will decrease significantly once the WSP becomes established and familiar.

Valuable guidance available! When undertaking this part of the WSP process, WSP teams are encouraged to refer to the detailed guidance provided in Chapters C-D of the Participant’s Handbook (in addition to Module 1 of the WSP Manual).

Exercise: Possible WSP team members Brainstorm possible WSP team members and how they might contribute to the WSP. MemberExpertise 10 minutes

Exercise: WSP team table Complete the table for one of the potential WSP team members identified. 5 minutes NameAffiliationTitleRole in WSP development and implementation Contact information Name of team member OrganizationJob titleWhat role with the team member play in the development and ongoing implementation of the WSP? Telephone number and email address ?????

Module 1: Assemble team Module 2: Describe the water supply system Module 11: Revise WSP following incident Module 3: Identify the hazards & assess the risks Module 4: Determine & validate control measures, reassess & prioritize risks Module 5: Develop, implement & maintain an improvement plan Module 6: Define monitoring of control measures Module 7: Verify the effectiveness of the WSP Module 8: Prepare management procedures Module 9: Develop supporting programmes Module 10: Plan & carry out periodic WSP review Preparation System assessment Monitoring Management & communication Feedback & improvement     

PARTICIPANT’S NOTEBOOK CHAPTER E

Module 2: Describe the water supply system Objective: To create a detailed, up-to-date description of the complete water supply system, including system maps and diagrams.

Module 2: Describe the water supply system Key actions: Identify intended users and uses of water Compare current and target water quality Provide detailed system information (including diagrams) 1 2 3

Key action 1: Identify intended users and uses Intended useIntended users The water supplied is intended for general consumption by ingestion. The water supplied is also for bathing and laundry. Foodstuffs may be prepared from the water. The organization provides water to the general population. Intended consumers do not include those that are significantly immunocompromised or industries with special water quality needs. These groups are advised to provide additional point-of-use treatment.

Key action 2: Compare current & target water quality System description should include: A list of water quality standards (WHO Guidelines) An assessment of current performance against standards based on a review of available monitoring data  

Key action 2: Compare current & target water quality Example: ParameterStandardUnits Assessment of current water quality versus standard E.coli0 CFU/100 ml Always compliant at WTP; occasional exceedences in network (<10%) Aluminium0.2mg/lAlways compliant Chlorine0.2 - 2mg/l Always compliant at WTP, frequently below target range in network A review of current water quality can expose discrepancies between perceived and actual water quality and inform the risk assessment.

Key action 3: Provide detailed system information CatchmentTreatmentDistributionUser Provide detailed information on the complete water supply system, from catchment to consumer. Remember that maps, diagrams and tables are powerful tools for conveying information in a clear and concise manner, keeping the WSP easy to read, review and update. System information should be field verified for accuracy.

Raw Water Treated Water Protected catchment (nature reserve) Well #1 Well #2 Ground-level raw water storage 500 KL 600 KL Elevated treated water storage tank Pumps UV 75 m 15 L/s 80 m 20 L/s Concrete Built 1980 Steel Built 2000 5,000 customers Duty/stan dby Distribution system

Key action 3: Provide detailed system information If needed, consider creating diagrams at two levels: Create system diagrams with sufficient detail to facilitate hazard identification. LEVEL 1: System overview (general process flow diagram) LEVEL 2: System details (e.g. WTP schematic)

Blue River Duty/sta ndby pump Cattle farm Raw Water Treated Water Village Level 1: system overview Raw water storage reservoir for irrigation, 1990 500 KL 1 ML Treated water storage, steel, 1990 Duty/sta ndby pump Blue River Water Treatment Facility (see detailed schematic) High-level area, 20,000 customers Low-level area, 20,000 customers

Level 2: system details Blue River Water Treatment Facility (5 ML/day, built 2008) Raw Water Treated Water Rapid mix Flocculation ClarificationFiltration Raw water storage reservoir 5 ML Clear water storage tank 1 ML Duty/stand by pumps Cl 2 Alum

Rapid mix Flocculation ClarificationFiltration Raw water storage reservoir 5 ML Clear water storage tank 1 ML Duty/stand by pumps Cl 2 Alum Filter backwash return flow Example #1: Hazard detected through creating detailed system diagram (Australia) Raw Water Treated Water

Rapid mix Flocculation ClarificationFiltration Raw water storage reservoir 5 ML Clear water storage tank 1 ML Duty/stand by pumps Cl 2 Alum Cl 2 Raw Water Treated Water Example #2: Hazard detected through creating detailed system diagram (Australia)

Disinfection (Approximate) Cl 2 Dose x Contact Time (CT) Disinfection Requirements BACTERIA Time required (at 0.5 mg/L Cl 2 ): ~10 sec @ pH 7 ~7 min @ pH 8.5 VIRUS Time required (at 0.5 mg/L Cl 2 ): ~24 min @ pH 7-7.5 GIARDIA Time required (at 0.5 mg/L Cl 2 ): ~8 hr @ pH 7-7.5 CRYPTOSPORIDIUM Not killed

Catchment/s ource Treatment Storage & distribution User Water source(s), catchment land use, source water quality/quantity, abstraction details, etc. Treatment processes & chemicals used, treatment plant age & capacity (vs production), etc. Storage tanks & reservoirs (#, size, age, material), pipeline information (layout, length, size, material, age), etc. Household practices (storage, treatment, handling), etc. A great deal of information can be recorded and presented on a drawing! Key action 3: Provide detailed system information

Valuable guidance available! When undertaking this part of the WSP process, WSP teams are encouraged to refer to the detailed guidance provided in Chapter E of the Participant’s Handbook (in addition to Module 2 of the WSP Manual).

Exercise: System diagrams Working in groups, create system diagrams as described in the handout. 45 minutes (35 to complete; 10 to present)

PARTICIPANT’S NOTEBOOK CHAPTERS F-H & ANNEX F-1

Module 3: Identify hazards & assess risks Objective: To identify hazardous events that may threaten the safety of the water supply and assess the associated risk.

Module 3: Identify hazards & assess risks Key actions: Identify hazards & hazardous events Assess risk 1 2

Key action 1: Identify hazardous events A chemical, physical or microbial agent that can cause harm to public health HAZARD: An event or situation that introduces hazards to, or fails to remove them from, the water supply HAZARDOUS EVENT: For each step in the water water supply chain, identify hazards and hazardous events that could contaminate, compromise or interrupt the water supply. Key definitions:

HAZARDOUS EVENT: Cattle grazing in or near river can result in faecal contamination of source water HAZARD TYPE: Microbial HAZARDOUS EVENT: Pesticide use in catchment could result in chemical contamination of source water HAZARD TYPE: Chemical Key action 1: Identify hazardous events

When identifying hazards, consider each step in the water supply chain and ask: What could potentially go wrong at this location? (What is wrong now, what has gone wrong in the past, and what could possibly go wrong in the future?)  Hazard identification should involve: Field visits/site inspections Desktop review of system diagrams Consideration of past events/issues    Key action 1: Identify hazardous events

Catchment / source Animal waste reaching the water source; industrial discharges upstream; wastewater discharges upstream; agricultural chemicals; natural chemicals in groundwater Treatment Inadequate coagulation; filter breakthrough; inadequate disinfection; power failure; pump failure Storage & distribution Birds/animals (or their waste) entering the storage; sediment build-up in storage from poor cleaning and maintenance; leaky pipes; poor pipeline repair practices; low pipeline pressure due to intermittent supply What are some common hazardous events? User premises Poor hygiene practices; poorly maintained household storage tanks Key action 1: Identify hazardous events

When identifying hazardous events, BE SPECIFIC! Clearly indicate what hazard could be introduced, and how. Weak example: Hazardous event: Agriculture  Stronger examples: Hazardous event: Fertilizer use on crops in catchment could result in faecal contamination of river during heavy rains  Hazardous event: Pesticide use on crops in catchment could result in chemical contamination of river during heavy rains Key action 1: Identify hazardous events

Weak example: Hazardous event: Old pipes  Stronger example: Hazardous event: The old and leaking pipes could allow contaminants to enter the pipeline when pressure is low  Hazardous event: The old pipes often burst and contamination could enter the pipeline during pipeline repairs Key action 1: Identify hazardous events Hazardous event: Old pipeline materials can cause dangerous chemicals to enter the water supply (e.g. lead)

Weak example: Hazardous event: Low pressure in pipeline  Stronger example: Hazardous event: Low pressure conditions caused by intermittent supply could allow ingress of microbial contaminants at breaks or leaks in pipe  Hazardous event: Low pressure conditions caused by intermittent supply could result in backflow of chemical or microbial contaminants from user premises Key action 1: Identify hazardous events

Exercise: Dug well hazard brainstorm Discuss hazards & hazardous events shown in the picture. 15 minutes

Valuable guidance available! When undertaking this part of the WSP process, WSP teams are encouraged to refer to the detailed guidance provided in Chapter F and Annex F-1 of the Participant’s Handbook (in addition to Module 1 of the WSP Manual).

Exercise: Hazard brainstorm Identify one hazard & hazardous event at each step in the water supply chain. Catchment Treatment Distribution User 20 minutes

Key action 2: Assess risk The likelihood that a hazard will cause harm combined with the severity of its consequences RISK: Assess the risk associated with each hazard identified. Key definition: Unlikely to occur Minor consequences Low risk X= Likely to occur Major consequences High risk X= Unlikely to occur Major consequences ? X=

Key action 2: Assess risk THIS CAN BE A VERY CHALLENGING STEP FOR WSP TEAMS! Choosing the right risk assessment approach will minimize uncertainty and confusion during WSP development and improve outcomes. The risk assessment approach should be clearly defined in the WSP document. Decide on a risk assessment approach KEY STEP

Key action 2: Assess risk TWO DISTINCT RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACHES: Team decision approach Semi-quantitative approach (likelihood and consequence scoring) 1 2 Simple More complex X

TEAM DECISION APPROACH 1 Risk LevelMeaningNotes High Clearly a priority Actions need to be taken to minimize the risk. Proposed actions should be documented in the improvement plan and implemented based on priorities and available resources. Medium Medium priority Currently no impact on drinking water safety, but requires attention in operation and/or possible improvement in the medium and long term to continue minimizing risk. Low Clearly not a priority Actions may be taken but not a priority, or no action is needed at this time. The risk should be revisited in the future as part of the WSP review process. Adapted from the SCWS WSP Manual (Table 3.3) Urgent attention No action required Medium- or long-term attention

TEAM DECISION APPROACH 1 Approach currently used in Bhutan 1 Very High 2 High 3 Medium 4 Low

Exercise: Risk assessment (Part I) Working in groups, carry out Part I of the risk assessment exercise as described in the handout. 15 minutes (10 to complete; 5 to review)

Exercise: Risk assessment (Part I) Cl 2 pump failure Pipeline repair

Exercise: Risk assessment (Part II) Working in groups, carry out Part II of the risk assessment exercise as described in the handout. 15 minutes (10 to complete; 5 to review)

Key action 2: Assess risk TWO DISTINCT RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACHES: Team decision approach Semi-quantitative approach (likelihood and consequence scoring) 1 2 Simple More complex X

CONSEQUENCE No/minor impact Moderate impact Major impact 123 LIKELIHOOD Unlikely1123 Possible2246 Likely3369 Risk score: ≤ 2 3 - 5≥ 6 Risk level: LowMediumHigh Adapted from the SCWS WSP Manual (Tables 3.5 & 3.6) Clearly a priority; requires urgent attention Clearly not a priority Medium- or long-term priority; requires some attention SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (3x3 Matrix) 2

CONSEQUENCE No/minor impact Moderate impact Major impact 123 LIKELIHOOD Unlikely1 Possible2 Likely3 Risk score: ≤ 2 3 - 5≥ 6 Risk level: LowMediumHigh Example 1: Likelihood = 1; Consequence = 2 Example 2: Likelihood = 2; Consequence = 3 2 6 Risk = Likelihood x Consequence SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (3x3 Matrix) 2

Example definitions for likelihood and consequence are provided in the SCWS WSP Manual, but WSP TEAMS SHOULD ADOPT THEIR OWN DEFINITIONS to suit their own situation. What exactly is meant by unlikely or likely? How do we distinguish between a minor and major consequence? Defining LIKELIHOOD and CONSEQUENCE SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH 2

EXAMPLE DEFINITIONS Adapted from the SCWS WSP Manual (Table 3.4) Likelihood levelDefinition 1Unlikely Could occur at some time but has not been observed; may occur only in exceptional circumstances 2PossibleMight occur at some time; has been observed occasionally 3LikelyWill probably occur in most circumstances; has been observed regularly Consequence levelDefinition 1No/minor impact Minor or negligible water quality impact (e.g. aesthetic impact, not health related) for a small percentage of customers; some manageable disruptions to operation; rise in complaints not significant. 2Moderate impact Minor water quality impact (e.g. aesthetic impact, not health related) for a large percentage of customers; clear rise in complaints; community annoyance; minor breach of regulatory requirement. 3Major impact Major water quality impact; illness in community associated with the water supply; large number of complaints; significant level of customer concern; significant breach of regulatory requirement. SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (3x3 Matrix) 2

Hazardous event: Bird excreta could enter well and contaminate the water supply Hazard: Microbial Likelihood = 3 (Likely – will probably occur) Consequence = 3 (Major impact – possible illness in the community)

CONSEQUENCE No/minor impact Moderate impact Major impact 123 LIKELIHOOD Unlikely1 Possible2 Likely3 Risk score: ≤ 2 3 - 5≥ 6 Risk level: LowMediumHigh Likelihood = 3; Consequence = 3 9 SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (3x3 Matrix) 2 Risk = Likelihood x Consequence

Process StepHazardous EventHazard Type Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Source/well Bird excreta could enter well and contaminate the water supply Microbial339H SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (3x3 Matrix) 2

Exercise: Risk assessment (Part III) Working in groups, carry out Part III of the risk assessment exercise as described in the handout. 20 minutes (15 to complete; 5 to review)

SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (5x5 Matrix) 2 CONSEQUENCE InsignificantMinorModerateMajorCatastrophic 12345 LIKELIHOOD Most unlikely112345 Unlikely2246810 Possible33691215 Very likely448121620 Almost certain5510152025 Risk score: ≤ 5 6 - 14≥ 15 Risk level: LowMediumHigh Adapted from the WSP Manual (Example/tool 3.6) Clearly a priority; requires urgent attention Clearly not a priority Medium- or long-term priority; requires some attention

SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (5x5 Matrix) 2 CONSEQUENCE InsignificantMinorModerateMajorCatastrophic 12345 LIKELIHOOD Most unlikely1 Unlikely2 Possible3 Very likely4 Almost certain5 Risk score: ≤ 5 6 - 14≥ 15 Risk level: LowMediumHigh Example 1: Likelihood = 1; Consequence = 4 Example 2: Likelihood = 5; Consequence = 3 4 15

2 SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (5x5 Matrix) Likelihood levelDefinition 1Most unlikelyHas not happened in the past and it is highly improbable that it will happen in the future 2UnlikelyIs possible and cannot be ruled out completely 3PossibleIs possible and under certain circumstances could happen 4Very likelyHas occurred in the past and has the potential to happen again 5Almost certainHas occurred in the past and is expected to happen again Consequence levelDefinition 1InsignificantWholesome water 2MinorShort-term or localised non-compliance or aesthetic issue, not health related 3ModerateWidespread aesthetic or long-term non-compliance issue, not health related 4MajorPotential long-term health effects 5CatastrophicPotential illness EXAMPLE DEFINITIONS Adapted from the WSP Manual (Field Experience 3.2)

2 SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (5x5 Matrix) HAZARDOUS EVENT: Pesticide use in catchment could result in chemical contamination of source water HAZARD TYPE: Chemical 3PossibleIs possible and under certain circumstances could happen 4 MajorPotential long-term health effects Likelihood level assigned by WSP team: Consequence level assigned by WSP team: ç

SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (5x5 Matrix) 2 CONSEQUENCE InsignificantMinorModerateMajorCatastrophic 12345 LIKELIHOOD Most unlikely1 Unlikely2 Possible3 Very likely4 Almost certain5 Risk score: ≤ 5 6 - 14≥ 15 Risk level: LowMediumHigh 12 Likelihood = 3; Consequence = 4 Risk = Likelihood x Consequence

Process StepHazardous EventHazard Type Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Source/well Bird excreta could enter well and contaminate the water supply Microbial3412 SEMI-QUANTITATIVE APPROACH (5x5 Matrix) 2

Exercise: Risk assessment (Part IV) Working in groups, carry out Part IV of the risk assessment exercise as described in the handout. 20 minutes (15 to complete; 5 to present)

Exercise: Risk assessment (Part V) Working together as one group, carry out Part V of the risk assessment exercise as described in the handout. 30 minutes (20 to complete; 10 to discuss)

Any questions from today’s lessons?

That’s all for today!

Exercise: Pop quiz (Day 1 material) Working individually, complete the pop quiz. 25 minutes (15 to complete; 10 to review)

Pop quiz answers...

Module 1: Assemble team Module 2: Describe the water supply system Module 11: Revise WSP following incident Module 3: Identify the hazards & assess the risks Module 4: Determine & validate control measures, reassess & prioritize risks Module 5: Develop, implement & maintain an improvement plan Module 6: Define monitoring of control measures Module 7: Verify the effectiveness of the WSP Module 8: Prepare management procedures Module 9: Develop supporting programmes Module 10: Plan & carry out periodic WSP review Preparation System assessment Monitoring Management & communication Feedback & improvement WSP Approach 5 Stages 11 Modules

WSP Approach: 3 Key WSP Objectives Minimize contamination of source water Reduce or remove contamination by treatment Prevent contamination during storage, distribution & handling 1 23

Benefits of a WSP 107 Utilities Clearer understanding of roles and responsibilities Helps to prioritize limited resources Improved relationships with stakeholders Increased compliance with water quality standards Reduced costs (operational, monitoring) Consumers Increased confidence in the water supply Safer water Regulators Increased compliance with drinking water quality standards Provides a standard upon which to base audits

What a WSP is NOT A WSP is NOT: A new concept (rather, it pulls together well-established features and standards of international best practice) Just a document to be developed (rather, it is an improved system management approach to be implemented) A one-time exercise (rather, it is requires continuous maintenance and improvement over the long term) An additional workload for suppliers (rather, it represents what suppliers should be doing, and it builds on existing procedures)    

Catchment/s ource Treatment Storage & distribution User premises Water source(s), catchment land use, source water quality/quantity, abstraction details, etc. Treatment processes & chemicals used, treatment plant age & capacity (vs production), etc. Storage tanks & reservoirs (#, size, age, material), pipeline information (layout, length, size, material, age), etc. Household practices (storage, treatment, handling), etc. A great deal of information can be recorded and presented on a drawing! Key action 3: Provide detailed system information

Key action 1: Identify hazards A chemical, physical or microbial agent that can cause harm to public health HAZARD: An event or situation that introduces hazards to, or fails to remove them from, the water supply HAZARDOUS EVENT: For each step in the water water supply chain, identify hazards and hazardous events that could contaminate, compromise or interrupt the water supply. Key definitions:

Key action 2: Assess risk The likelihood that a hazard will cause harm combined with the severity of its consequences RISK: Assess the risk associated with each hazard identified. Key definition: Unlikely to occur Minor consequences Low risk X= Likely to occur Major consequences High risk X= Unlikely to occur Major consequences ? X=

PARTICIPANT’S NOTEBOOK CHAPTER I

Module 4: Determine and validate control measures, reassess & prioritize risk Objective: To identify control measures that protect against the hazards identified, validate the effectiveness of those controls measures, and reassess risk to determine improvement needs.

Key actions: Identify control measures Validate control measures Reassess risk Module 4: Determine and validate control measures, reassess & prioritize risk 1 2 3

Key action 1: Identify control measures Activities or processes to prevent or eliminate a water safety hazard, or reduce it to an acceptable level CONTROL MEASURES: Identify EXISTING control measures for all hazardous events identified. Key definition: Module 4 focuses on identifying and validating EXISTING control measures. Recommendations for ADDITIONAL control measures will be addressed in Module 5.

Additional example control measures Staff training to ensure competency Controlling activities in the catchment or source water Water Treatment Plant processes Treatment chemical quality assurance procedures Fencing around source water to prevent livestock access One-way valves to prevent backflow contamination

Exercise: Dug well control measure brainstorm Discuss the control measures shown in the picture. 10 minutes

Key action 2: Validate control measures Obtaining evidence that the control measures can effectively control the hazard VALIDATION: Validate control measure effectiveness. Key definition:

It is very important to ask: IS THE CONTROL MEASURE WORKING PROPERLY? Hazardous event: Animals or animal waste can enter the dug well Hazard: Microbial The well cover was identified as a control measure. Is it effective? Key action 2: Validate control measures

Describe the hazardous events/hazards in the following pictures and identify a) relevant control measures and b) possible means of validation. Exercise: Control measure brainstorm 15 minutes

Vent pipe Overflow pipe

Exercise: Hazard-control-validation match-up Working in groups, match up the cards provided as described in the handout. Validation Hazard 20 minutes (15 to complete; 5 to review)

Key action 2: Validate control measures RISK ASSESSMENT TABLE: Risk if there were no controls in place Are controls effective? Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Type Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Existing control measures Yes No Somewhat Validation notes (basis of effectiveness assessment) Distribution system Excreta from birds and other animals can contaminate well water Microbial3412M The well has a cover, but it is corroded and has holes where animal excreta can be washed into well when it is raining ✓ Visual inspection shows that there is a problem with the cover; water quality testing indicates that sometimes there is a problem with microbial contamination of the well Existing control measures are only somewhat effective at controlling the hazard/hazardous event

Key action 3: Reassess risk Once control measures have been identified and validated, risks should be reassessed given existing control measures and their effectiveness. Two risk assessments: Raw risk Current risk 1 2 Before consideration of existing controls to highlight inherently high risks After consideration of existing controls to highlight where additional control is needed

Key action 3: Reassess risk Risk if there were no controls in place Are controls effective? Risk with controls in place Additional control needed? Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Type Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Existing control measures Yes No Somewhat Validation notes (basis of effectiveness assessment) Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Yes No If yes, proposed controls (to be further detailed in improvement plan) Catchment Pesticide use in catchment could result in chemical contamination of river Chemical3412M Pesticide use upstream of intake works banned by Department of Agriculture (DoA) ✓ Ban actively enforced by DoA; river water quality monitoring by EPA confirms absence of pesticides 144L ✓ --- What could go wrong? What is the risk if we do nothing about it? What are we doing and is it effective? What is the risk given the effectiveness of what we’re doing? Do we need to do more? Before control measures After control measures

Key action 3: Reassess risk Risk if there were no controls in place Are controls effective? Risk with controls in place Additional control needed? Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Type Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Existing control measures Yes No Somewhat Validation notes (basis of effectiveness assessment) Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Yes No If yes, proposed controls (to be further detailed in improvement plan) Catchment Cattle grazing near wellhead could allow contaminated runoff to enter well during heavy rains Microbial3515HNone ✓ --3515H ✓ Construct fence around wellhead; slope ground away from well What could go wrong? What is the risk if we do nothing about it? What are we doing and is it effective? What is the risk given the effectiveness of what we’re doing? Do we need to do more? Before control measures After control measures

Key action 3: Reassess risk Why is this so? IMPORTANT NOTE! The current risk (2 nd risk assessed) must always be less than or equal to the raw risk (1 st risk assessed)

Exercise: Risk reassessment Working in groups, carry out the risk reassessment exercise as described in the handout. 45 minutes (30 to complete; 15 to present)

Any questions from today’s lessons?

Let’s go the field!

Exercise: Field visit review 45 minutes (35 to complete; 10 to review) Working in groups, present your system diagram and hazard identification table from yesterday’s field visit.

Exercise: Risk assessment building blocks 45 minutes Working in groups, put the cards provided in the appropriate order to construct a risk assessment table with one heading row and two example rows. When finished, each group will correct the other’s work. (35 to complete; 10 to review)

PARTICIPANT’S NOTEBOOK CHAPTER J

Module 5: Develop, implement & maintain an improvement plan Objective: To develop, implement and maintain a detailed improvement plan to address all significant risks requiring additional control.

Key actions: Develop an improvement plan Implement and maintain the improvement plan 1 2 Module 5: Develop, implement & maintain an improvement plan

LOGIC FLOW Which risks require additional control? Module 4 What will be done to address the risks that require additional control? Module 5 What are the hazards and risks to water safety? Module 3 Develop a detailed improvement plan to address the risks that require additional control.

Key action 1: Develop an improvement plan A detailed improvement plan should consider: Specific action to be undertaken Responsible party Due date Budget Resource constraints (financial, human) Short-, medium- and long-term priorities       BE REALISTIC!

Risk if there were no controls in place Are controls effective? Risk with controls in place Additional control needed? Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Type Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Existing control measures Yes No Somewhat Validation notes (basis of effectiveness assessment) Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Yes No If yes, proposed controls (to be further detailed in improvement plan) Catchment Cattle grazing near wellhead could allow contaminated runoff to enter well during heavy rains Microbial3515HNone ✓ --3515H ✓ Construct fence around wellhead; slope ground away from well Key action 1: Develop an improvement plan DETAILED IMPROVEMENT PLAN NEEDED

Key action 1: Develop an improvement plan Specific improvement action Arising from (relevant hazardous event) Responsible party BudgetDue date Status (completed, not yet started, actions undertaken to date, etc.) 1 Engage contractor to construct a wooden fence 30 feet in diameter around wellhead and slope ground away from well Risk of faecal contamination from cattle grazing near wellhead Mr. XUSD $500 December 2013 Not yet started 2 3 *Refer to the WSP Manual (Example/tool 5.2) for an alternative template Example improvement plan Improvements should flow from risk assessment process/table

2 1 As the improvement plan is implemented, the following should be updated: The risks assessment table Add new controls to the risk assessment table (including control measure validation and risk reassessment) Consider any new hazards introduced by the new control (e.g. chlorine) The improvement plan Update the improvement plan to make clear the status of each improvement and add any new improvement needs Key action 2: Implement & maintain the plan

Risk if there were no controls in place Are controls effective? Risk with controls in place Additional control needed? Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Type Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Existing control measures Yes No Somewhat Validation notes (basis of effectiveness assessment) Likelihood Consequence Risk score Risk level Yes No If yes, proposed controls (to be further detailed in improvement plan) BEFORE IMPLEMENTATION Catchment Cattle grazing near wellhead could allow contaminated runoff to enter well during heavy rains Microbial3515HNone ✓ --3515H ✓ Construct fence around wellhead; slope ground away from well AFTER IMPLEMENTATION Catchment Cattle grazing near wellhead could allow contaminated runoff to enter well during heavy rains Microbial3515H Fence around wellhead; ground sloped away from well ✓ Cattle unable to access wellhead; runoff AWAY from well visible during heavy rains 155L ✓ -- Updating the risk assessment table (new controls) 1 Update to reflect new control measures

Introduction of new controls could introduce new hazards What new hazards could be introduced by adding chlorine to reduce microbial risks? 1 Updating the risk assessment table (new hazards)

Updating the improvement plan 2 Specific improvement action Arising from (relevant hazard) Responsible party BudgetDue date Status (completed, not yet started, actions undertaken to date, etc.) 1 Engage contractor to construct a wooden fence 30 feet in diameter around wellhead and slope ground away from well Mr. XUSD $500 December 2013 Project completed November 2013. 3

Key action 2: Implement & maintain the plan Implement improvement plan Update risk assessment table Update improvement plan CONTINUOUS CYCLE

Exercise: Improvement planning Working in groups, carry out the improvement planning exercise as described in the handout. 45 minutes (30 to complete; 15 to present)

PARTICIPANT’S NOTEBOOK CHAPTER K

Module 6: Define monitoring of control measures Objective: To define and carry out an operational monitoring plan to ensure that control measures are working.

Key actions: Identify control measures to be monitored Develop and implement an operational monitoring plan 1 2 Module 6: Define monitoring of control measures

Routine monitoring performed to confirm that control measures are working to protect water safety at key steps along the water supply chain OPERATIONAL MONITORING: Key definition: Module 6: Define monitoring of control measures Operational monitoring differs from COMPLIANCE MONITORING, which is covered in Module 7 and focuses on ensuring that the Drinking Water Quality Standards are met. OPERATIONAL MONITORING (Module 6) COMPLIANCE MONITORING (Module 7) ≠

An operational monitoring plan should consider: What will be monitored? How? When? Where? Who? What are the critical limits for each parameter? What will be done if critical limits are breached?     Module 6: Define monitoring of control measures

OPERATIONAL MONITORING: What control measures should be monitored? Where, when, how, who? MONITORING RESULTS: Is the control measure working? CORRECTIVE ACTIONS: What corrective actions are needed to address the issue? Yes No A system should be in place to ensure timely review of monitoring results

Module 6: Define monitoring of control measures Process step Control measure WhatWhereWhenHowWhoCritical limit Corrective action Catchment Fence around wellhead FenceAt wellWeekly Visual inspection Maintenance lead Fence structurally sound and the gate secured Secure gate or repair fence Water treatment plant Chlorination at water treatment plant Chlorine residual At entry point to the distribution system Continuously On-line chlorine analyse Treatment plant operator Chlorine concentration leaving plant should be ≥0.5 mg/L and ≤1.5 mg/L Follow chlorine non- compliance protocol Adapted from the WSP Manual (Example/tool 6.4)

Module 6: Define monitoring of control measures Example: Weekly visual inspection reveals damage to fence around well. Damage is documented, reported and repaired. Failing control measureCorrective action

Exercise: Operational monitoring Complete the table below for operational monitoring of rapid sand filter performance. Process step Control measure WhatWhereWhenHowWhoCritical limit Corrective action Catchment Fence around wellhead FenceAt wellWeekly Visual inspection Maintenan ce lead Fence structurally sound and the gate secured Secure gate or repair fence Water treatment plant Rapid sand filter ??????? 10 minutes

Exercise: Operational monitoring Process step Control measure WhatWhereWhenHowWhoCritical limit Corrective action Catchment Fence around wellhead FenceAt wellWeekly Visual inspection Maintenan ce lead Fence structurally sound and the gate secured Secure gate or repair fence Water treatment plant Rapid sand filter Water level At filter 1x daily (dry season); 4x daily (rainy season) Visual inspection Operator At level of backwash channel Filter backwash as per SOP Water treatment plant Rapid sand filter Turbidity At filter outlet 4x daily Sampling and lab testing Operator<1 NTU Filter backwash as per SOP Examples

PARTICIPANT’S NOTEBOOK CHAPTER L

Module 7: Verify the effectiveness of the WSP Objective: To demonstrate that Drinking Water Quality Standards (DWQS) are being met, consumers are satisfied and the WSP is complete, up-to-date and implemented.

Module 7: Verify the effectiveness of the WSP Key actions: Compliance monitoring Internal and external auditing Monitoring consumer satisfaction 1 2 3

The process of obtaining evidence that the Drinking Water Quality Standards are being met and the WSP is thorough and effective VERIFICATION: Key definition: Module 7: Verify the effectiveness of the WSP

DWQS are being met Consumers are satisfied (and not turning to less safe alternatives) Internal & external audits to confirm that WSP is complete, up-to- date & implemented VERIFICATION Compliance monitoring Auditing Consumer satisfaction 2 1 3

Key changes from the 2005 version:  Distinct urban/rural requirements  Revised parameters and permissible limits  Water Safety Plans required  Monitoring requirements detailed  Reporting requirements added  Surveillance programme added Module 7: Verify the effectiveness of the WSP Link between WSP and DWQS requirements

Key action 1: Compliance monitoring This portion of verification should be carried out in accordance with Part IV of the DWQS (for Nam Papas). VERIFICATION Compliance monitoring Auditing Consumer satisfaction 2 1 3

DWQS Part IV: Management, monitoring & water quality requirements for Nam Papa systems Defines monitoring parameters and permissible limits Article 8: Monitoring parameters Defines number and location of sampling points to be established and the number of samples to be tested each week, etc. Requires suppliers to document their monitoring plan and submit it to DHHP for approval Requires suppliers to submit monitoring results to DHHP on a monthly basis to demonstrate compliance with DWQS Article 9: Monitoring frequency Article 10: Number and location of sampling sites Article 11: Monitoring plan Article 13: Record keeping and reporting of results Defines monitoring frequency for all parameters

Key action 2: Auditing External WSP auditing will be carried out periodically by an audit committee led by DHHP in accordance with Part VI of the DWQS. Internal WSP audits should also be planned and carried out regularly by the supplier. VERIFICATION Compliance monitoring Auditing Consumer satisfaction 2 1 3

DWQS Part VI: Surveillance States that DHHP will form a WSP audit committee and lead periodic external WSP audits. Article 24: WSP auditing

Key action 3: Consumer satisfaction How can consumer satisfaction be monitored? VERIFICATION Compliance monitoring Auditing Consumer satisfaction 2 1 3

Exercise: Definitions review 15 minutes Working in groups, match up each key term with its appropriate definition. When finished, each group will correct the other’s work. (10 to complete; 5 to review) KEY TERMS

PARTICIPANT’S NOTEBOOK CHAPTER M

Objective: To document management procedures to be followed during normal conditions, incident situations and emergencies. Module 8: Prepare management procedures

Key actions: Develop standard operating procedures (SOPs) Develop an emergency response plan 1 2

Actions to be taken during normal operating conditions as well as incident and emergency situations MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES: Key definition: Module 8: Prepare management procedures

Key action 1: Develop SOPs SOPs Standard operating procedures (SOPs) should document steps to follow during 1) normal operations and 2) incident situations. Steps to follow during normal operations Steps to follow during an incident (corrective actions) Ex: Filter backwashing procedures Ex: Responding to a Cl 2 alarm

Key action 1: Develop SOPs Filter backwashing SOP:  Backwash triggers (effluent turbidity, pressure head, filter run time) Who is qualified to run backwash How to run backwash (valve adjustments, etc.) How to return filter to service (filter to waste) Etc…    SOP for responding to Cl 2 alarm:  Who is qualified to respond Protocol for investigating and correcting issue How to stop flow of unsafe water to distribution system (when necessary) How to communicate with health officials and consumers (when necessary) Etc…     

SOPs should: Be written by experienced staff Be revised as needed to remain current Address key operational activities of all staff members    Key action 1: Develop SOPs

Exercise: SOP brainstorm Brainstorm activities for which SOPs could be developed and discuss value of documenting SOPs. 10 minutes

Exercise: Develop detailed SOPs Each group should develop a detailed SOP for one key activity identified during the SOP brainstorm. (Each group should develop an SOP for a different activity.) 45 minutes (35 to complete; 10 to review)

Key action 2: Develop emergency response plan A general emergency response plan should be developed to cover incidents or emergencies for which there is no specific SOP. SOPs should be developed to address common or foreseeable incidents. However, incidents may arise for which there are no specific response procedures.

Key action 2: Develop emergency response plan Emergency response plan may include:  Triggers for activating emergency response  General roles and responsibilities within utility  Communication protocols (internal and external)  Alternative/emergency water supplies  Etc… Should be reviewed and revised regularly and following an incident/emergency

Module 8: Prepare management procedures Consumers Health authorities Regulators Within supplier Environmental agencies     Communication protocols (for SOPs and emergency response plans) should consider communication with:  Communication protocols should detail contact information during business hours and outside of business hours.

Module 9: Develop supporting programmes Objective: To develop supporting programmes that contribute to drinking water safety.

Key actions: Review and revise existing supporting programmes Develop additional supporting programmes 1 2 Module 9: Develop supporting programmes

Actions that contribute to drinking water safety but do not directly affect water quality SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES: Key definition: Module 9: Develop supporting programmes

Water Safety Consumer education Laboratory quality control Creating WSP awareness & buy-in Operator training Equipment calibration & maintenance Examples:

Add photo from Day 1 of training workshop This WSP training contributes to water safety and is a supporting programme!

Module 9: Develop supporting programmes Supporting programmes can… Develop skills and knowledge (e.g. operator training) Strengthen relationships (e.g. consumer outreach) Create enthusiasm & improve attitudes (e.g. develop WSP culture)

Unsure of the details of this activity (as it was developed in the Lao version of the presentation and I am unable to read it). Exercise: Supporting programme brainstorm 15 minutes

Module 9: Develop supporting programmes Identify supporting programmes needed Review & revise existing supporting programmes Develop additional supporting programmes Document supporting programmes in the WSP

Exercise: London cholera outbreak Working in groups, read and discuss the London cholera outbreak case study provided in the handout. 20 minutes (15 to complete; 5 to discuss)

That’s all for today!

Exercise: Walkerton tragedy Working in groups, prepare a timeline of events as described in the handout. 60 minutes (45 to complete; 15 to present)

Well #7 chlorinator breaks May 21 May 17 May 3 TIME Supplier notified of E.coli in system Boil water advisory issued (by radio only) May 22 The first victim dies May 12 Flooding observed at Well #5

Exercise: Walkerton tragedy A criminal investigation was conducted The GM was sentenced to one year in jail (and the foreman to 9 months house arrest)

Workshop recap…. What have we accomplished so far?

ຫຼັກສູດ 1: ປະກອບທີມງານ ຜນປພ ຫຼັກສູດ 2: ພັນລະນາລະບົບນ້ຳປະປາ ຫຼັກສູດ 11: ປັບປຸງໃໝ່ ຜນປພ ພາຍຫຼັງເຫດການເກີດຂຶ້ນ ຫຼັກສູດ 3: ກຳນົດໃຫ້ໄດ້ສິ່ງທີ່ເປັນອັນຕະລາຍ ແລະ ປະເມີນ ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ຫຼັກສູດ 4: ກຳນົດແລະຢືນຢັນຄວາມຖືກຕ້ອງ ມາດຕະການຄວບຄຸມ, ປະເມີນຄວາມສ່ຽງຄືນ ໃໝ່ ແລະຈັດລຽງບຸລິມະສິດຄວາມສ່ງງ ຫຼັກສູດ 5: ພັດທະນາ, ຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ແລະບົວລະບັດຮັກສາແຜນ ປັບປຸງ / ຍົກລະດັບ ຫຼັກສູດ 6: ກຳນົດການຕິດຕາມເບິ່ງ ມາດຕະການຄວບຄຸມ ຫຼັກສູດ 7: ພິສູດປະສິດທິຜົນ ຂອງ ຜນປພ ຫຼັກສູດ 8: ສ້າງວິທີດຳເນີນການ ສຳລັບການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ຫຼັກສູດ 9: ພັດທະນາ ແຜນງານ ສະໜັບສະໜູນ ຫຼັກສູດ 10: ວາງແຜນ ແລະ ທົບທວນ ຜນປພ ຢ່າງເປັນໄລຍະ ໆ ການກະກຽມ ການປະເມີນ ລະບົບ ການຕິດຕາມ ເບິ່ງການ ດຳເນີນງານ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ແລະ ການຊື່ ສານ ຄຳເຫັນປ້ອນ ກັບ ແລະ ການ ປັບປຸງ     

Module 2 Module 1 Form WSP Team Describe the system

ເປັນອັນຕະລາຍຖ້າບໍ່ມີມາດ ຕະການຄວບຄຸມ ການຄວບຄຸມມີປະສິດທິພາບບໍ່ ? ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ກັບ ມາດຕະການຄວບ ຄຸມ ຈຳເປັນຕ້ອງມີການຄວບຄຸມເພີ້ມບໍ່ ? ບາດກ້າວຂອງຂັ້ນ ຕອນ ເຫດການທີ່ເປັນ ອັນຕະລາຍ ປະເພດ ສິ່ງທີ່ ເປັນອັນຕະລາຍ ຄວາມໜ້າຈະເກີດຂຶ້ນ ຜົນເນື່ອງ ຄະແນນຄວາມສ່ຽງ ລະດັບຄວາມສ່ຽງ ມາດຕະການຄວບຄຸມທີ່ ມີຢູ່ເດີມ ແມ່ນ ບໍ່ແມ່ນ ບາງສ່ວນ ບັນທຶກຢັ້ງຢືນ ( ພື້ນຖານ ຂອງການປະເມີນແບບມີ ປະສິດທິພາບ ) ຄວາມໜ້າຈະເກີດຂຶ້ນ ຜົນເນື່ອງ ຄະແນນຄວາມສ່ຽງ ລະດັບຄວາມສ່ຽງ ແມ່ ່ ນ ບໍ່ແມ່່ນ ຖ້າວ່າ ແມ່ນ, ສະ ເໜີການ ຄຸ້ມຄອງ ( ທີ່ຈະເຮັດເປັນ ລາຍລະອຽດເພີ້ມເຕີມເວລາ ເຮັດແຜນປັບປຸງ ) ບໍລິເວນອ່າງໂຕງ ຂອງແຫຼ່ງນ້ຳ ການນຳໃຊ້ຢາປາບສັດຕູ ພືດສາມາດເປັນສາຍເຫດ ໃຫ້ທາດເຄມີປົນ ເປື້ອນນ້ຳໃນແມ່ນ້ຳ ທາດເຄມີ 3412M ການນຳໃຊ້ຢາປາບສັດຕູ ພືດ ຢູ່ຕົ້ນນ້ຳ ເທິງ ຫົວງານ ຖືກຫ້າມໂດຍ ກົມກະສິກຳ ✓ ການຫ້າມ ຖືກບັງຄັບໃຊ້ໂດຍ ກົມກະສິກຳ : ການກວດສອບຄຸນ ນະພາບນ້ຳໃນແມ່ນ້ຳໂດຍກະຊວງ ຊັບພະຍາກອນ ທຳມະຊາດ ແລະ ສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ ຢັ້ງຢືນວ່າ ບໍ່ມີຢາປາບສັດຕູພືດປົນ ເປື້ອນ 144L ✓ --- ອ່າໂຕ່ງຂອງແຫຼ່ງ ນ້ຳ ງົວ ຄວາຍກິນຫຍ້າໃກ້ ນ້ຳສ້າງອາດເຮັດໃຫ້ມີ ພະຍາດປົນເປື້ອນກັບ ການເຊາະລ້າງໜ້າດິນ ຂອງນ້ຳຝົນ ເຊື້ອພະຍາດ 3515H ບໍ່ມີ ✓ --3515H ✓ ກໍ່ສ້າງຮົ້ວ ຮອບ ນ້ຳສ້າງ : ເຮັດ ພື້ນລາດລົງໃຫ້ນ້ຳ ບໍ່ໄຫຼລົງນ້ຳສ້າງ ແມ່ນຫຍັງ ຜິດພາດ ? ແມ່ນຫຍັງ ເປັນຄວາມສ່ຽງ ຖ້າບໍ່ເຮັດ ຫຍັງເລີຍ ? ເຮົາຈະເຮັດຫຍັງ ແລະປະສິດທິພາບ ມັນເປັນແນວໃດ ? ຄວາມສ່ຽງໄດ້ໃຫ້ ປະສິທິພາບຂອງສິ່ງ ທີ່ເຮົາກຳລັງເຮັດ ແມ່ນຫຍັງ ? ເຮົາ ຕ້ອງການ ເຮັດຫຍັງ ເພີ້ມ ບໍ່ ? Module 4 Module 3 Module 5 ແຜນການ ປັບປຸງລະອຽດ ທີ່ຕ້ອງການ

Module 7 Module 6 Operational monitoring Compliance monitoring

Module 9 Module 8 Management procedures Supporting programmes

PARTICIPANT’S NOTEBOOK CHAPTER N

Module 10: Plan & carry out periodic review of the WSP Objective: To ensure that the WSP up-to-date and effective. WSP

Key actions: Review WSP (planned & as needed) Revise the WSP 1 2 Module 10: Plan & carry out periodic review of the WSP

Key action 1: Review WSP (planned & as needed) WSP team should meet regularly to review all aspects of the WSP to ensure that the WSP is: Accurate Effective Any changes to the WSP team, population served, etc.? What do monitoring trends suggest about effectiveness? *PLANNED* REVIEWS  

Key action 1: Review WSP (planned & as needed) In addition to regular review, the WSP team should review the WSP: After any significant change (e.g. new farm in catchment) *AS-NEEDED* REVIEWS NEW FARM WHY?   After an incident or near miss (Module 11)

Key action 2: Revise the WSP as needed Revise WSP WSP team changes New activity in the catchment New treatment infrastructure New water quality standards Updates to improvement plan Revised management procedures Example WSP revisions:

Module 11: Revise WSP following an incident Objective: To revise the WSP to reflect lessons learned from incidents and near misses.

Major water quality problem or threat to water quality INCIDENT: Key definitions: A situation that may have resulted in an incident if not for some action or control NEAR MISS: Module 11: Revise WSP following an incident

Key actions: Review incident or near miss Determine cause and assess response Revise WSP 1 2 3 Review incident or near miss Determine cause & assess response Revise WSP

TO IMPROVE! To reduce the likelihood that it will happen again and/or to improve the response. Module 11: Revise WSP following an incident Operator training Increased monitoring Improved communication plan Example improvements: Why review incidents and near misses?

An open and honest discussion of what went wrong can be difficult for fear of blame. May be temptation to cover up mistakes. Challenge Tip Module 11: Revise WSP following an incident Do not assign blame. Focus on positive lessons learned.

CONGRATULATIONS!

Exercise: Key points + questions Working individually, review the slides from the workshop and write down the main objective(s) of each module plus any questions for discussion. 30 minutes (10 to complete; 20 for discussion) +

Exercise: Stage & module numbering game Working in groups, assign the appropriate Module or Stage number to each card. Then, place the Module cards in the appropriate Stage envelopes. When finished, each group will correct the other’s work. 15 minutes (10 to complete; 5 to review)

Exercise: Bingo Play Bingo! 15 minutes

Exercise: Competency wheel Working individually, carry out the competency wheel exercise as described in the handout. 10 minutes A = 1 B = 0 C = 0 D = 0 E = 1 F = 2

THANK YOU!

Exercise: Workshop evaluation Complete the workshop evaluation form. 15 minutes

WATER SAFETY PLAN TRAINING WORKSHOP (FOR URBAN SUPPLIES) Workshop Day 1.

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WATER SAFETY PLAN TRAINING WORKSHOP (FOR URBAN SUPPLIES) Workshop Day 1.

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Presentation on theme: "WATER SAFETY PLAN TRAINING WORKSHOP (FOR URBAN SUPPLIES) Workshop Day 1."— Presentation transcript:

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