2. MLA Format for Research Writing Yes, it’s boring, but you’ve GOT to know it!!!!!!!

3. What is MLA Style Format? 0 Standard format for writing that includes research 0 Provides an organized method for documenting outside sources used within your writing 0 Protects you from deliberate and non- deliberate plagiarism

4. Plagiarism (yeah, take notes!) Any use of someone else’s words or ideas without explicit and complete documentation and acknowledgement. There are two types of plagiarism: Deliberate—you meant to do it Non-deliberate—you made a mistake that resulted in plagiarism.

5. Deliberate Plagiarism 0 Buying or “borrowing” another person’s work or soliciting another to do work for you. 0 Misrepresenting sources 0 Inventing sources or information 0 Finding information in one source and citing it as another 0 Citing sources you haven’t looked at

6. Deliberate Plagiarism 0 Passing in work of other writers as your own—entire articles (yes, even sparknotes), paragraphs, sentences, phrases, or ideas. 0 This doesn’t have to be from a published writer. Copying a paragraph from a friend is deliberate plagiarism 0 Submitting a paper written for another class or assignment. 0 Allowing a friend or tutor to add or change your paper without your input.

7. Plagiarism continued… Non-deliberate Plagiarism: Not enough rewording of original ideas into your own words, or using key words from the original text without quoting them. Incorrect or absent citations for quotations, paraphrases or summaries, or misuse of quotation marks. Non-deliberate plagiarism is not done on purpose, but is still considered plagiarism, so be careful.

8. Consequences for Plagiarism Each case of plagiarism, whether deliberate or not, will be referred to the office. Sooooo…. Cite your sources—even if you have only summarized or paraphrased. Use quotation marks for word-for-word passages and cite them. Know how to format in-text citations!!

9. Let’s see what you remember… Define plagiarism Define “deliberate” plagiarism and give some examples Define “non-deliberate” plagiarism and give some examples Explain how to avoid plagiarism and give some examples Discuss: Why is it important to review and discuss plagiarism?

10. What are the Main Elements of an essay formatted in MLA Style 0 First page formatting—header and heading 0 Works Cited 0 Parenthetical Citation (also known as In-text documentation)

11. Formatting: Margins, Font and Spacing The basics: 1. 1-inch margins on all sides 2. double space 3. Times New Roman, 12-point font 4. Be sure to go to paragraph (underneath alignment buttons) and CLICK “no extra spaces between paragraphs”—this is vitally important in Mrs. Bourque’s class!

12. Are You Confused Yet?

13. Main Element #1: First Page Formatting Necessities 0 Header (top right--last name and page number) 0 Heading (top left--Your Name, Teacher’s Name, Course Name, Assignment, Date) 0 Title (no special formatting besides being centered) 0 Double-spaced throughout

14. Let’s Review… In your own words…. -What is MLA Format? -Why do we use MLA Format? -What are the specific formatting elements you need to apply to the first page of your essay?

15. Main Element #2: Works Cited (a.k.a Bibliography) 0 List of sources cited within your essay 0 Specific format for every type of source (I.e. book, website, interview, magazine, etc.) 0 Double-spaced 0 Hanging indent 0 Separate, last page of essay 0 Arranged alphabetically

16. Works Cited Entry Format: Book Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Example: Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999. Print.

17. Works Cited Entry Format: Website Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Name of Specific Page.” Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access. *Use n.p. to indicate that neither a publisher nor a sponsor name has been provided. Use n.d. when the Web page does not provide a publication date. Example: "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow.com. eHow, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009.

18. Were You Paying Attention???? 0 What is the purpose of a Works Cited page? 0 How is a Works Cited page arranged? 0 What is a hanging indent? 0 Where does the Works Cited page appear in your essay?

19. Main Element #3: In-text Documentation 0 Specifically notes WHERE in your essay you have used a source from your Works Cited page 0 MUST be used whenever you have a Works Cited page 0 MUST be used for direct quotes, AND for paraphrasing or summarizing information from an outside source—whenever you use information that you didn’t already know, or isn’t from your own brain!

20. Parenthetical Citation, continued 0 General format is (Author last name and page #). 0 When no author is given, or page numbers do not exist (as is the case for web sites), use the first item of information listed in your Works Cited entry for that source for your parenthetical citation—usually the title. 0 Citations should appear at the end of the sentence where you have included info. from an outside source

21. Let’s Practice Parenthetical Citation! 0 What would be the proper way to use parenthetical citation for each of the following sources in this sample Works Cited page?

22. Main Element #4: Summarize, Paraphrase, or Quote? 0 When you find the information you need from your sources, there are three ways to include it in your paper: 0 Summarizing 0 Paraphrasing 0 Quoting

23. What is a… …Quote? A quotation uses the exact words of the original text.

24. What is a… …Paraphrase? A paraphrase is a restatement of a passage, in your own words.

25. What is a… …Summary A summary is a brief account, in your own words, of the main ideas in a source.

26. When Should I… …Quote? 0 Be accurate 0 The wording used by the author is technical, or well worded and it’s easier than changing the words to your own. 0 Show authority/prove your point 0 To reinforce your points, use an actual quote that demonstrates what you’re saying.

27. When Should I… …Paraphrase? 0 Reorganize To emphasize a point you’re making, but the source has the information in a different order. 0 Clarify 0 Make the language easier to understand

28. When Should I… …Summarize? 0 Simplify 0 Make the material easier to understand 0 Reduce the length 0 Take a long story, article, or quote and really shorten it to make it work with your paper.

29. How Do I… …quote? Write the original text word-for-word. Put quotation marks at the beginning and end of the quote, but before the citation. All quotes must be cited.

30. How Do I… …paraphrase? Change the wording of the original text into your words. You might re-arrange the organization, or simply use smaller or different words. All paraphrases need to be cited.

31. How Do I… …Summarize? Identify the main idea of the text and rewrite it in your own words. If this is a longer piece, write the main idea for each paragraph, so you have all the important information. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original, and must be cited.

32. SURPRISE! 0 What’s the difference between a paraphrase and a summary? 0 Which of those three need to be cited? 0 If you had to write a book report, which method would be the easiest? 0 If you did an interview, which two methods could work for a write-up of the interview?

33. We’re Almost Finished….. 0 Do you have any remaining questions?????

34. In Conclusion… 0 You will be expected to apply MLA Style Format to every formal essay you write from now on…. OR ELSE!!!!!