2. Splash Screen

3. Chapter Introduction Section 1Early Peoples Section 2Cities and Empires Section 3North American Peoples Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Contents

4. Introduction 1 Click the Speaker button to replay the audio. Insert Chapter Intro picture. (no animation) Attach audio to slide transition and speaker button.

5. Introduction 2 Chapter Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Understand how the first people arrived in the Americas. Cite the discovery that changed the lives of the early Native Americans. Section 1: Early Peoples

6. Introduction 3 Chapter Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Describe why powerful empires arose in the Americas. Investigate how the people of each empire adapted to their environment. Section 2: Cities and Empires

7. Introduction 4 Chapter Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Explore what early people lived in North America. Examine how different Native American groups adapted to their environments. Section 3: North American Peoples

8. Introduction 5 Why It Matters Thousands of years ago small groups of hunters crossed a bridge of land that connected Siberia and Alaska. Eventually, they spread throughout North and South America.

9. Introduction 6 The Impact Today These first people, called Native Americans, influenced later cultures. Native Americans are part of the modern world, yet many of them also preserve the ways of life, customs, and traditions developed by their ancestors centuries ago.

10. Introduction 7

11. Introduction 8

12. End of Introduction

13. Section 1-1 Guide to Reading Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The first Americans spread throughout North, Central, and South America. archaeology Main Idea Key Terms artifact Ice Age nomad migration maize carbon dating culture

14. Section 1-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Guide to Reading (cont.) Determining Cause and Effect As you read Section 1, re-create the diagram shown on page 16 of your textbook and explain why the first Americans came to the continent and the consequences of their arrival. how the first people arrived in the Americas. Reading Strategy Read to Learn which discovery changed the lives of the early Native Americans.

15. Section 1-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Geography and History The Ice Age made it possible for hunters to migrate to the Americas. Section Theme

16. Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to replay the audio. Arrowhead, hand-chipped stone

17. Section 1-5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Journey From Asia The first people migrated from Asia to North, Central, and South America during the last Ice Age. (pages 16–18) They reached the Americas thousands of years ago. This migration took centuries, and people spread out across the Americas as far east as the Atlantic Ocean and as far south as the tip of South America.

18. Section 1-6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Journey From Asia (cont.) These early people crossed a land bridge from Siberia in northeastern Asia to present-day Alaska. This land bridge, Beringia, now lies under the waters of the Bering Strait. These early Americans were nomads, moving from place to place in search of food. These early people were skilled hunters. They used every part of the animal for food, clothing, weapons, and tools. (pages 16–18)

19. Section 1-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why did these early people spread out across the Americas? Possible answer: They were looking for a particular climate or land terrain as well as enough resources so they could survive. The Journey From Asia (cont.) (pages 16–18)

20. Section 1-8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Settling Down As large animals such as the mammoth disappeared, Native Americans hunted smaller game and ate plants and berries. (pages 18–19) Native Americans began to find new food sources by learning to plant and raise crops. People living near the coast or rivers learned to fish. Settlers formed villages and communities. Some people remained nomadic hunters. Early peoples eventually developed their own cultures.

21. Section 1-9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How did early Native Americans learn to adapt to their environment? They used the resources around them for food, clothing, and shelter. They hunted, fished, planted, and traveled from place to place in search of their needs. Settling Down (cont.) (pages 18–19)

22. Section 1-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1.a period of extremely cold temperatures when part of the planet’s surface was covered with massive ice sheets __ 2.a way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs __ 3.the study of ancient peoples __ 4.a movement of a large number of people into a new homeland __ 5.an item left behind by early people that represents their culture A.archaeology B.artifact C.Ice Age D.migration E.culture Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. C E A D B

23. Section 1-11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Checking for Understanding Reviewing Facts Why did the first people come to the Americas? The first Americans were nomads searching for food by following animal herds.

24. Section 1-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Themes Geography and History How did an Ice Age make it possible for Asian hunters to migrate to the Americas? Water froze, sea levels dropped, and large areas of land such as Beringia were exposed, allowing migration.

25. Section 1-13 Critical Thinking Determining Cause and Effect How do you think the first Americans discovered that they could grow their own plants? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Answers will vary.

26. Section 1-14 Analyzing Visuals Geography Skills Study the map on page 18 of your textbook. In which direction did the travelers migrate across the Bering Strait? Travelers migrated east and southeast across the Bering Strait. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

27. Section 1-15 Geography Create a version of the map on page 18 of your textbook. Your version can be larger, if needed. Label all land masses and bodies of water. Illustrate the map to tell the story of how the first Americans migrated to North America.

28. End of Section 1

29. Section 2-1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Guide to Reading Several factors led to the rise and decline of great civilizations and empires in the Americas. civilization Main Idea Key Terms theocracy hieroglyphics terrace

30. Section 2-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Guide to Reading (cont.) Categorizing Information As you read the section, re-create the diagram on page 22 of your textbook and describe the role religion played in each civilization. why powerful empires arose in the Americas. Reading Strategy Read to Learn how the people of each empire adapted to their environment.

31. Section 2-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Culture and Traditions Civilizations such as the Maya, the Aztec, and the Inca arose in present- day Mexico and in Central and South America. Section Theme

32. Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to replay the audio. Artifact c. A.D. 900

33. Section 2-5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Early American Civilizations Several great civilizations arose in present-day Mexico and in Central and South America. (pages 22–23) The most advanced were the Olmec, the Maya, the Aztec, and the Inca. Each thrived for centuries. The Olmec people lived in what is now Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, between 1500 B.C. and 300 B.C. The Olmec built stone pavements and drainage systems and sculpted large stone monuments. Their civilization influenced their neighbors.

34. Section 2-6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why do you think early American civilizations developed along large bodies of water? Possible answer: Early people settled near water as a means of transportation and a way to farm. If they needed to flee quickly, they could navigate along the waters. Early American Civilizations (cont.) (pages 22–23)

35. Section 2-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Maya The Mayan civilization flourished in present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Belize. (pages 23–24) The people built large cities, each having at least one stone pyramid. Tikal was the largest Mayan city and had five pyramids. The Mayan civilization was a theocracy, or a society ruled by religious leaders.

36. Section 2-8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Maya believed that the gods controlled all that happened on Earth. Atop the pyramids were religious and governmental centers. The Maya became skilled astronomers and developed a writing system called hieroglyphics. Mayan traders transported their goods such as maize, vegetables, jade, turquoise jewelry, and cacao beans on their backs and along the water. The Maya (cont.) (pages 23–24)

37. Section 2-9 No one knows what caused the decline of the Maya around A.D. 900, but descendants of the Maya still live in parts of Mexico and Central America. The Maya (cont.) (pages 23–24)

38. Section 2-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why do you think the Maya believed that the gods controlled what happened on Earth? Possible answer: It was an easy way to explain what they did not understand, such as the change of seasons or the weather. The Maya (cont.) (pages 23–24)

39. Section 2-11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Aztec Founded in 1325, Tenochtitlán was the home of the Aztec and their capital city. (pages 24–25) Situated on an island, it was one of the largest cities in the Americas. Workers toiled day and night to make causeways linking the island to the mainland and filling in Lake Texcoco, upon which the city was built. Tenochtitlán was also a center of trade. The Aztec people were warriors and conquered nearly all rival communities. They built a military empire.

40. Section 2-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. From the conquered people, the Aztec took weapons, maize, cotton cloth, and copper. The Aztec forced their captives to work as slaves. The Aztec people also believed in pleasing the gods. Their society was organized around religion, and they sacrificed thousands of prisoners in religious ceremonies. The Aztec (cont.) (pages 24–25)

41. Section 2-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How did the Aztec build a military empire? They went to war and conquered neighboring communities. They stole weapons from the conquered people to help build their empire. They used the conquered people as slaves to help them expand their capital city. The Aztec (cont.) (pages 24–25)

42. Section 2-14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Inca The Inca Empire developed in the western highlands of South America. (page 26) Cuzco, the capital city, was founded around A.D. 1200. The Inca ruler Pachacuti and his son, Topa Inca, conquered neighboring lands to build their empire. It was the largest of the early American civilizations. The empire stretched more than 3,000 miles from present-day Colombia to northern Argentina and Chile.

43. Section 2-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The population of the Inca Empire at its height was more than nine million people. The Inca were very advanced. The Inca (cont.) -They built 10,000 miles of paved roads. -Rope bridges crossed canyons and rivers. -They developed a record-keeping system using quipus so that runners could take messages from one part of the empire to another. -The language, Quechua, became the official language of the empire. (page 26)

44. Section 2-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Inca (cont.) -They developed a system of terracing the land by building platforms so that they could plant crops on slopes. They were also a religious people, worshipping the sun god. (page 26)

45. Section 2-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why is the Inca considered a great civilization? It was the largest of the early civilizations, stretching for about 3,000 miles. The Inca developed paved roads, a common language, a record-keeping system, and terracing for farming. The Inca (cont.) (page 26)

46. Section 2-18 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1.an ancient form of writing using symbols and pictures to represent words, sounds, and concepts __ 2.a highly developed culture, usually with organized religions and laws __ 3.a form of government in which the society is ruled by religious leaders __ 4.a raised piece of land with the top leveled off to promote farming A.civilization B.theocracy C.hieroglyphics D.terrace Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. C A B D

47. Section 2-19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Checking for Understanding Reviewing Facts Why did the Aztec choose the location of Tenochtitlán as their permanent home? They saw the eagle sitting on a cactus with a snake in its beak as a sign that it was their home.

48. Section 2-20 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Themes Culture and Traditions Why did priests hold great power in Mayan society? The priests were considered to know the wishes of the gods.

49. Section 2-21 Critical Thinking Making Inferences How does trade help to enrich a civilization? Provide examples in your answer. Trade fosters the exchange of goods, ideas, technology, and culture. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

50. Section 2-22 Analyzing Visuals Picturing History Study the photograph of the pyramid on page 23 of your textbook. Why do you think the Maya built such large pyramids? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Answers will vary.

51. Section 2-23 Art Compile illustrations of some of the accomplishments of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca in the areas of communication, science, and math. Use your own drawings or use photographs from newspapers and magazines.

52. End of Section 2

53. Section 3-1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Guide to Reading Many different cultures lived in North America before the arrival of the Europeans. pueblo Main Idea Key Terms drought adobe federation

54. Section 3-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Guide to Reading (cont.) Taking Notes As you read Section 3, re-create the diagram shown on page 28 of your textbook and identify locations and ways of living for each culture. what early people lived in North America. Reading Strategy Read to Learn how different Native American groups adapted to their environments.

55. Section 3-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Culture and Traditions Early North Americans developed new societies. Section Theme

56. Section 3-4 Click the Speaker button to replay the audio. Ancient jar, American Southwest

57. Section 3-5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Early Native Americans Many Native American cultures existed in North America before Europeans arrived in the 1500s. (pages 28–31) The Hohokam lived in the desert of present-day Arizona. Their civilization flourished from about A.D. 300 to A.D. 1300.

58. Section 3-6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. They built irrigation channels to bring water to the hot, dry land from the nearby Gila and Salt Rivers and left behind pottery, carved stone, and shells. (pages 28–31) The Anasazi lived in an area known as the Four Corners (or the meeting place) of present-day Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico from A.D. 1 to A.D. 1300. Early Native Americans (cont.)

59. Section 3-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Anasazi built stone and cliff dwellings. A pueblo or stone dwelling looked like an apartment building. The cliff dwellings were built into the walls of steep cliffs. Pueblo Bonito and Mesa Verde are examples of each. In about 1300, the Anasazi left these dwellings to settle in smaller communities, perhaps due to droughts during which their crops dried up. Early Native Americans (cont.) (pages 28–31)

60. Section 3-8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Mound Builders lived in central North America from present-day Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River valley. They built mounds of earth that looked like the Aztec stone pyramids. The Adena were hunters and gatherers and among the earliest Mound Builders living in the Ohio Valley around 800 B.C. Early Native Americans (cont.) (pages 28–31)

61. Section 3-9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Hopewell people were farmers and traders who built large burial mounds shaped like birds, bears, and snakes. They left behind pearls, shells, cloth, and copper in the mounds which show their variety of trade. The Cahokia built the largest settlement in present-day Illinois. This city may have had 16,000 people. The highest mound, Monks Mound, rose nearly 100 feet and was probably the highest structure north of Mexico. Early Native Americans (cont.) (pages 28–31)

62. Section 3-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why do you think the dwellings of these early Native Americans (the pueblos, mounds, and cliff dwellings) were large and massive? Possible answer: If they reached high in the sky, they would be nearer to the gods. Also, they were visible from far away and could accommodate a large group of people for living quarters and for religious ceremonies. Early Native Americans (cont.) (pages 28–31)

63. Section 3-11 Other Native North Americans The peoples of the North were the Inuit, settling in the cold Arctic region. (pages 31–33) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Inuits may have been the last to migrate to North America. They built igloos to protect themselves from severe weather. They wore furs and sealskins to keep them warm and dry. They were hunters and fishers.

64. Section 3-12 The peoples of the West were many: Tlingit, Haida, Chinook, Nez Perce, Yakima, Pomo, Ute, and Shoshone. Other Native North Americans (cont.) (pages 31–33) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. They used the resources of the forest and sea as they hunted and gathered. The Ute and Shoshone created temporary shelters as they traveled to search for food.

65. Section 3-13 The peoples of the Southwest were the Hopi, the Acoma, and the Zuni. Other Native North Americans (cont.) (pages 31–33) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Their homes were made of adobe bricks, and they raised maize, beans, and squash. The Navajo and the Apache settled in the region in the 1500s. They were hunters and gatherers, unlike the other peoples of the region, and built square homes called hogans.

66. Section 3-14 The peoples of the Plains were nomads. Other Native North Americans (cont.) (pages 31–33) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. They hunted and farmed and built tents called tepees that they moved with them from place to place. They learned to tame wild horses and used them to hunt and fight.

67. Section 3-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The peoples of the East, the Iroquois and the Cherokee, formed complex political systems of governing. Other Native North Americans (cont.) The Iroquois formed five groups: the Onondaga, the Seneca, the Mohawk, the Oneida, and the Cayuga. Until the late 1500s when these groups formed the Iroquois League, also called the Iroquois Confederacy, they fought wars with one another. (pages 31–33)

68. Section 3-16 The peoples of the Southeast were the Creek, Chickasaw, and Cherokee. They farmed and adapted to the warmer woodlands climate of the south. Other Native North Americans (cont.) (pages 31–33)

69. Section 3-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why do you think the different Native North American groups developed a wide variety of cultures? Possible answer: Regional climate and resources created the need for different lifestyles. Climate and resources affected whether groups farmed, fished, or hunted, were nomadic or permanently settled, and what type of shelters they built. Other Native North Americans (cont.) (pages 31–33)

70. Section 3-18 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1.a long period of time with little rainfall __ 2.a type of government that links different groups together __ 3.a sun-dried mud brick used to build the homes of some Native Americans __ 4.home or community of homes built by Native Americans A.pueblo B.drought C.adobe D.federation Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. B D C A

71. Section 3-19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Checking for Understanding Reviewing Facts Identify clues that led archaeologists to believe that the Mound Builders were influenced by other cultures. Some mounds had temples like Maya and Aztec cultures; artifacts indicate widespread trade.

72. Section 3-20 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Themes Culture and Traditions What organization did the Iroquois form to promote peace among their people? The Iroquois League was an organization formed to promote peace among their people.

73. Section 3-21 Critical Thinking Making Generalizations Why was the environment of the West Coast favorable for settlement by so many groups of Native Americans? The West Coast was favored for settlement by many groups of Native Americans because of the mild climate, dependable food sources, and plentiful forest resources. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

74. Section 3-22 Analyzing Visuals Geography Skills Study the map on page 30 of your textbook. What groups lived in California? What groups lived in the Southeast? The Pomo and Chumash lived in California. The Yuchi, Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, Natchez, Chickasaw, and Wichita groups lived in the Southeast. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

75. Section 3-23 Geography Create or sketch a model of a home that a Native American might have built. Use natural materials that exist in the area where you live and label the materials on your diagram. Consider the climate of your area in your design.

76. End of Section 3

77. Chapter Summary 1

78. Chapter Summary 2

79. End of Chapter Summary

80. Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms __ 1.an ancient form of writing using symbols and pictures to represent words, sounds, and concepts __ 2.an item left behind by early people that represents their culture __ 3.a way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs __ 4.the study of ancient peoples A.archaeology B.artifact C.Ice Age D.nomad E.carbon dating F.culture G.civilization H.hieroglyphics I.pueblo J.federation Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. H B F A

81. Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 5.a highly developed culture, usually with organized religions and laws __ 6.people who move from place to place, usually in search of food or grazing land __ 7.a scientific method used to determine the age of an artifact __ 8.home or community of homes built by Native Americans G A.archaeology B.artifact C.Ice Age D.nomad E.carbon dating F.culture G.civilization H.hieroglyphics I.pueblo J.federation D E I

82. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 9.a period of extremely cold temperatures when part of the planet’s surface was covered with massive ice sheets __ 10.a type of government that links different groups together C A.archaeology B.artifact C.Ice Age D.nomad E.carbon dating F.culture G.civilization H.hieroglyphics I.pueblo J.federation J

83. Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts For what reasons did Asians cross the land bridge to the Americas? Asians crossed the land bridge to the Americas to follow herds of animals and to find food.

84. Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts What regions did the land bridge connect? The land bridge connected Asia and present-day Alaska.

85. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts What regions were under Inca control? The western highlands of South America were under Inca control.

86. Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts What were two advantages of living in dwellings built into the side of cliffs? Dwellings built into the side of cliffs were easy to defend and offered protection from weather.

87. Chapter Assessment 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts What groups formed the Iroquois League? The Iroquois League was formed by the Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, and Cayuga groups.

88. Chapter Assessment 9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Analyzing Themes: Culture and Traditions Religion was an important part of life in many Native American civilizations. What role did priests play in Mayan society? The priests held great power and made most of the important decisions.

89. Chapter Assessment 10 Critical Thinking Analyzing Information In what ways did the Inca and Aztec use war to increase their power? They conquered others to increase population and land area. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

90. Chapter Assessment 11 Geography and History Activity Study the map below and answer the questions on the following slides.

91. Chapter Assessment 12 Geography and History Activity Location Along what two major rivers did many of the Mound Builders settle? Many of the Mound Builders settled along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

92. Chapter Assessment 13 Geography and History Activity Place Near which river did the Adena build most of their settlements? The Adena built most of their settlements near the Ohio River. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

93. Chapter Assessment 14 Geography and History Activity Movement Of the Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippian cultures, which settled the farthest east? The Adena settled further east than the Hopewell and Mississippian cultures. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

94. Chapter Assessment 15 Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question. Test-Taking Tip This question asks you to draw an inference. What is the meaning of the word theocracy? Understanding the definition will help to answer the question. Because the Mayan civilization was a theocracy, the most powerful Maya were Awarriors. Bcraftsmen. Cpriests. Denslaved people. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Standardized Test Practice

95. Chapter Assessment 16 How can you summarize the development of Native American cultures in North America? Native American cultures developed advanced societies that adapted to their environments and maintained a social order, division of labor, and government. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

96. End of Chapter Assessment

97. Causes and Effects

98. Curriculum Connection 2 Art Aztec art is highly detailed and colorful. Sculptures decorated temples and other important buildings. One surviving sculpture, the Calendar Stone, has carefully detailed carvings that represent the days of the month and other religious symbols. It was used in ceremonies honoring the sun god Tonatiuh.

99. Did You Know 3 Aztalan Native American Names Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

100. Did You Know 3a Mound Builder settlements reached into the north. Aztalan near Madison, Wisconsin, was a 21-acre (9-ha) settlement surrounded by walls with towers. Inside the settlement walls were houses, pyramids, and cornfields. It is believed that the settlers of Aztalan migrated from Cahokia in southern Illinois. The name Aztalan comes from alt, a native term meaning “water” and an, meaning “near.”

101. Did You Know 3b Many states have Native American names. Kentucky is Iroquois for “meadowland”; Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw words for “people” (okla) and “red” (humma); Massachusetts means “at the big hill” in Algonquian; Mississippi is Chippewa for “big river”; and Utah means “higher up” in Navajo.

102. You Don’t Say 3 Potlatch The word potlatch means “to give away” or “a gift giving.” The potlatch was an important and festive gathering of the peoples of the northwestern coast. The gatherings marked great events in the life of a leader, his family, and the village. All guests at a potlatch received gifts ranging from food, baskets, and jewelry to canoes and copper tablets. Those who attended a potlatch were expected to give away greater presents at their own potlatches, ensuring the distribution of wealth among the people.

103. SkillBuilder 1 Understanding the Parts of a Map Why Learn This Skill? Maps can direct you down the street or around the world. There are as many different kinds of maps as there are uses for them. Being able to read a map begins with learning about its parts. This feature can be found on page 27 of your textbook. Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.

104. SkillBuilder 2 Learning the Skill Maps usually include a key, a compass rose, and a scale bar. The map key explains the meaning of special colors, symbols, and lines used on the map. After reading the map key, look for the compass rose. It is the direction marker that shows the cardinal directions of north, south, east, and west. A measuring line, often called a scale bar, helps you estimate distance on a map. The map’s scale tells you what distance on the earth is represented by the measurement on the scale bar. For example, 1 inch (2.54 cm) on the map may represent 100 miles (160.9 km) on the earth. Understanding the Parts of a Map

105. SkillBuilder 3 Practicing the Skill The map on the right shows where the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca built their empires in North America and South America. Look at the parts of this map, then answer the questions on the following slides. This feature can be found on page 27 of your textbook. Understanding the Parts of a Map

106. SkillBuilder 4 Practicing the Skill This feature can be found on page 27 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. 1.What information is given in the key? The key gives the capital city, major cities, and location of the Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations. 2.What color shows the Inca Empire? Green shows the Inca Empire. Understanding the Parts of a Map

107. SkillBuilder 5 Practicing the Skill This feature can be found on page 27 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. 3.What direction would you travel to go from Tenochtitlán to Chichén Itzá? You would travel east. 4.About how many miles long was the Inca Empire? The Inca Empire was about 3,000 miles (4,827 km) long. Understanding the Parts of a Map

108. SkillBuilder 6 Practicing the Skill This feature can be found on page 27 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. 5.What was the capital of the Aztec Empire? The capital of the Aztec Empire was Tenochtitlán. Understanding the Parts of a Map

109. Maps and Charts 1 Click map to view dynamic version.

110. Maps and Charts 2 Click map to view dynamic version.

111. Maps and Charts 3

112. Maps and Charts 4

113. Why It Matters Transparency

114. Daily Focus Skills 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The size increased over time.

115. Daily Focus Skills 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

116. Daily Focus Skills 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. They are classified by geography.

117. GO 1

118. GO 2

119. GO 3

120. HELP To navigate within this Presentation Plus! product: Click the Forward button to go to the next slide. Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide. Click the Section Back button to return to the beginning of the section you are in. If you are viewing a feature, this button returns you to the main presentation. Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu. Click the Help button to access this screen. Click the Speaker button to listen to available audio. Click the Speaker Off button to stop any playing audio. Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the chapter slide show. Click the Maps and Chart button in the top right corner of many slides to link to relevant In-Motion and static maps and charts. Presentation Plus! features such as the Reference Atlas, History Online, and others are located in the left margin of most screens. Click on any of these buttons to access a specific feature.

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