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DAOISM (TAOISM) Kristen Yates, Elizabeth Fultz, Analisa Conway, Kara Bruns
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HEARTH China: Huang He River Valley
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FOUNDER/ORIGINS Trace to an older contemporary of Confucius La0-Tsu “Old Master” 604 - 531 BCE Conceived by a shooting star Born as a man with a flowing white beard after spending 83 years in his mother's womb Some historians say he is a combo of a lot of historical figures, others believe he is made- up Dao De Jing (also spelled 'Tao Te Jing) "The Book of the Way” “People should learn to live in harmony with nature.”
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MAJOR BELIEFS Daoists believe in the rhythmic balance and natural, flowing patterns of the universe (Dao) By living in harmony with the Dao, one gains true understanding of reality and can even achieve immortality Yin and yang (opposites that work in perfect harmony) The Jade Emperor, Yu-huang, is the most powerful deity Dao De Jing is the most important text for Daoists because it is the compilation of Laozi’s writings
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MAJOR BELIEFS Daoist body View the body as a miniature of the universe, filled with the Dao “The body, as much as the larger universe, is ruled and lived in by the gods - the multifaceted manifestations of spirit, the visible and accessible aspect of the Dao on earth.” -Livia Kohn, The Daoist Experience: An Anthology, 1993 Wu Wei The method of following the Dao Living by or going along with the true nature of the world Letting things take their natural course Dao De Ching says: “when nothing is done, nothing is left undone”
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MAJOR BELIEFS Feng Shui Art and science of organizing living spaces in order to channel the life forces that exist in nature in favorable ways Qi (Ch’i) Cosmic vital energy that enables beings to survive and links them to the universe as a whole “The basic material of all that exists. It animates life and furnishes functional power of events. Qi is the root of the human body; its quality and movement determine human health.” -Livia Kohn, Health and Long Life: The Chinese Way
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CHARACTERISTICS Don’t wear any special clothing when attending the temples, but usually remove their shoes The holy place of pilgrimage is The Five Mountains of China The Five Elements are water, earth, fire, metal, and wood and they are believed to be interconnected and a part of the Dao Many follow a vegetarian lifestyle Spontaneity, tenderness, tranquility Avoid competition, possession, and even pursuit of knowledge
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WORSHIP Religious rites are held at temples Also worship at shrines in their homes and through meditation Quite reflection on spiritual matters Worship animals, people, and dragons
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FESTIVALS The Lantern Festival Celebration of first full moon of the year Celebration of Tianguan’s birthday (god of good fortune) Walk the streets carrying red colored lanterns Release them to the sky in public places Eat Tangyuan (dumpling made of sweet rice and rolled into ping-pong sized balls and filled with sweet fillings);symbolizes family unity and happiness
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FESTIVALS Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu Jie) Celebration of Qu Yuan’s death Poet who committed suicide Fishermen paddled out in their boats, beating drums and throwing rice balls (zong zi) into the water, so that fish wouldn’t eat Qu Yuan’s body Activities include dragon boat races and the eating zong zi
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HOLIDAYS The Chinese New Year burning paper statues of gods, allowing the spirits to fly up to heaven and report on family's behavior
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RITUALS Concept of bringing order and harmony to the cosmos (world of nature, world of human society, and inner world of individual humans) Involve purification, meditation and offering to deities Highly complex and performed mostly by priests with little interaction from the participants Priests and their assistants chant, play instruments, and dance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVjP0oxQxls https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVjP0oxQxls
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RITUALS Jiao- “offering” or “sacrifice” Large-scale ceremonies organized by local communities to confirm their relationship with their patron deity Can be celebrated at different intervals Rite renewing new life and blessings for the community Rite responding to a present need of the community May last a week or longer involves the whole community in festivities processions in which the statue of the deity is carried through community, trance performances of mediums who become possessed by the go performances by hired actors large-scale presentations of offerings to the god in front of the local temple
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PHYSICAL PRACTICES Meditation to create mental stillness and enhance mindfulness of the Dao Energy Flow flow of life energy (qi) within the body can be improved with exercise, meditation, and acupuncture Martial Arts Tai Chi Purity important to maintain pureness of the body to guarantee spiritual health. To Avoid certain activities and foods (greed, lust, pride and dishonesty, meat, beans, grains, alcohol, etc.)
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DIFFUSION WITHIN CHINA Tang dynasty (618-907)-growth and refinement in Chinese culture Ming Dynasty (1368—1644)-spread in the lower-class society and continued to grow Diffused along the silk road
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DIFFUSION Taiwan: 20 - 30 million believers Vietnam and Korea also have many Daoists North America - 30 thousand Converts should go straight to Daoist leaders if they want to convert (no daoist missionaries)
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ETHNIC Appeals primarily to a specific group of people from a specific place Taoism is an ancient tradition of philosophy and religious belief that is deeply rooted in Chinese customs and worldview
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SLAP THE BOARD Yu-Huang Laozi Yin/Yang Dao De Jing Wu Wei Five Mountains of China Qi Tai Chi Dragon Boat Lantern Festival Acupuncture Zong Zi Tangyuan
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WORK CITED "Daoism." World Religions Reference Library. Ed. Julie L. Carnagie, et al. Vol. 1: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2007. 177-206.Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 9 Dec. 2014. Hardy, Julia. "Rites and Ceremonies." Taoism Ritual, Worship, Devotion, Symbolism, Taoism Rites and Ceremonies. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. Andersen, Poul. "Jiao." (Offering Ritual). Golden Elixir Press, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. Pregadio, Fabrizio. "Daoism." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. 535-539. Student Resources in Context. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. "Concepts Within Taoism." BBC News. BBC, 12 Nov. 2009. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. "Physical Practices." BBC News. BBC, 12 Nov. 2009. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. Fouberg, Erin Hogan., Alexander B. Murphy, and De Blij Harm J. "Chapter 7 Religion." Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture. 10th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2012. 214. Print.
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