1. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style The Primary Industries Climate Challenges Centre (PICCC) is a joint venture between the University of Melbourne and the Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources COP21 and implications for Agriculture Richard Eckard The University of Melbourne & Agriculture Victoria

2. Article 2a – Limit global warming to well below 2 ⁰C, – To pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ⁰C above pre-industrial levels INDCs are insufficient to meet the goal COP21 Paris Agreement

3. Article 4 – Peak GHG emissions as soon as possible – To achieve net zero emissions from 2050 Any remainder GHG emissions in the second half of the century need to be balanced COP21 Paris Agreement

4. Annex (introduction) – Recognizing the fundamental priority of safeguarding food security and ending hunger, and the particular vulnerabilities of food production systems to the adverse impacts of climate change – A 1.5⁰C rise in temperature will require systems and transformation adaptation Incremental adaptation will not suffice. COP21 Paris Agreement Implications for agriculture

5. 160 INDCs submitted prior to COP21 – 80% include mitigation targets and – 64% in include adaptation strategies for the agricultural sector specifically Protection of food security is a core objective of the UNFCCC There will be a significant global focus on – Mitigation of agricultural emissions – Adaptation of agricultural production COP21 Paris Agreement Implications for agriculture

6. Article 2b – Increasing the ability to adapt to … climate change and foster climate resilience and low GHG emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production A 1.5⁰C rise in temperature means agriculture in Victoria will not look the same as today Article 5 – Take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases A 1.5⁰C rise in temperature means soil carbon will decline COP21 Paris Agreement Implications for agriculture

7. Article 2c – Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate resilient development Low emissions and climate resilient agriculture development e.g. Climate Smart Agriculture COP21 Paris Agreement

8. Article 3 – Communicate ambitious efforts to meet INDCs Including reporting of agricultural emissions COP21 Paris Agreement

9. Side event at COP21 – “Tackling short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP) to raise ambition” Methane has a GWP = 86 x CO 2 on a 20 year basis Methane has a 12 year lifetime = SLCP – Livestock methane will remain a key focus Particularly as CO 2 emitted today will still have an effect in 100 years time COP21 Paris Agreement Implications for agriculture

10. Article 6 – To pursue voluntary cooperation in the implementation of INDCs Promote the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions while fostering sustainable development; Incentivise and facilitate participation in the mitigation COP21 Paris Agreement

11. Article 7 – Enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change Assisting developing countries and building their capacity Formulate and implement national adaptation plans COP21 Paris Agreement Implications for Agriculture

12. Article 8 – Averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change Including extreme weather events and slow onset events, and The role of sustainable development in reducing the risk of loss and damage. COP21 Paris Agreement

13. Article 9 – Developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of their existing obligations under the Convention. Article 10 – The Technology Mechanism Fully realizing technology development and transfer Article 11 – Capacity-building under this Agreement should enhance the capacity and ability of developing country COP21 Paris Agreement

14. Articles 9, 10 & 11 – Green Climate fund & Special Climate Change Fund ($US100 B/y from 2020) Focused on R&D in developing countries Technology, education and capacity building – We need to look to form partnerships with Developing countries, especially Lesser Developed Countries Transfer expertise & co-fund R&D COP21 Paris Agreement

15. Article 13 – Transparency and reporting National inventories COP21 Paris Agreement

16. Article 21 – This Agreement shall enter into force on the 30 th day after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 % of the total global greenhouse gas emissions have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession COP21 Paris Agreement

17. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style The Primary Industries Climate Challenges Centre (PICCC) is a joint venture between the University of Melbourne and the Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources The Paris climate agreement at a glance" — https://theconversation.com/the-paris-climate- agreement-at-a-glance-50465 https://theconversation.com/the-paris-climate- agreement-at-a-glance-50465