1. Cardiovascular System

2. System consists of three main parts: System consists of three main parts: –Heart –Blood vessels  Arteries  Veins  capillaries –Blood Also known as the Circulatory System Also known as the Circulatory System

3. Functions Carries oxygen from your lungs to the body cells. Carries oxygen from your lungs to the body cells. Carries glucose in your blood to the body cells to produce energy. Carries glucose in your blood to the body cells to produce energy. Carries carbon dioxide form the cells to the lungs where it is exhaled. Carries carbon dioxide form the cells to the lungs where it is exhaled. Transports white blood cells (disease fighter) to the cells. Transports white blood cells (disease fighter) to the cells.

4. Heart Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. –Structure:  Upper chambers called atrium ( atria plural)  Lower chambers called ventricles  Valves – flaps of tissue that act as gates to keep blood from flowing backward.  Pacemaker – group of cells in the right atrium that send electrical signals to the heart to control the pace of contractions or beats.

5. Heart Health: Health: –It is important to eat a balanced, low-fat, low cholesterol, and low sodium diet. –Regular exercise –Avoid bad habits like smoking, overeating, recreational drugs, etc.

6. Blood Vessels Arteries – larger vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. Arteries – larger vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. –Aorta- the largest artery in your body –Has very thick walls made of three layers  Inside layer- smooth epithelial cells  Middle layer- involuntary muscle cells  Outside layer –connective tissue

7. Blood Vessels Capillaries - the smallest blood vessels; pick up blood from the smallest arteries. Gas (oxygen- O 2, carbon dioxide CO 2 ) exchanges are made between the capillaries and the body cells. Capillaries - the smallest blood vessels; pick up blood from the smallest arteries. Gas (oxygen- O 2, carbon dioxide CO 2 ) exchanges are made between the capillaries and the body cells. Walls are only one cell thick so materials can pass through them easily.

8. Blood Vessels Veins – Veins – –Blood leaves the capillaries and goes into the veins then back to the heart. –Wall have three layers like arteries but are much thinner.

9. Blood Pressure As blood moves through the veins, it exerts pressure on the walls. As blood moves through the veins, it exerts pressure on the walls. BP is caused by the force with which the ventricles contract BP is caused by the force with which the ventricles contract Blood flowing through the arteries has the highest pressure since its nearest the heart. Blood flowing through the arteries has the highest pressure since its nearest the heart. Sphygmomanometer – instrument that measures blood pressure Sphygmomanometer – instrument that measures blood pressure

10. Blood Pressure Sphygmomanometer – instrument that measures blood pressure. Sphygmomanometer – instrument that measures blood pressure. 120/80 – typical healthy bp for young adult 120/80 – typical healthy bp for young adult –Top number is called the diastolic pressure; it’s the measure of the pressure as the left ventricle contracts and pushed blood into the aorta –Bottom number is called the systolic pressure; measures the pressure when the ventricle relaxes between beats

11. Blood Pressure Hypertension – high blood pressure – can damage the walls of the arteries and the heart Hypertension – high blood pressure – can damage the walls of the arteries and the heart Atherosclerosis – artery walls thicken form fatty buildup; can lead to a heart attack. Atherosclerosis – artery walls thicken form fatty buildup; can lead to a heart attack. Heart attack – blood flow to part of the heart is blocked completely or limited and causes damage to that part of the heart. Heart attack – blood flow to part of the heart is blocked completely or limited and causes damage to that part of the heart.

12. Blood and Lymph Blood is made of four components: Blood is made of four components: –PLASMA –RED BLOOD CELLS –WHITE BLOOD CELLS –PLATELETS

13. Blood and Lymph Plasma – 90% water, 10-% dissolved materials such as glucose and fat, and vitamins and minerals from foods. Plasma – 90% water, 10-% dissolved materials such as glucose and fat, and vitamins and minerals from foods. –Waste products are also carried away by plasma. –Protein molecules give plasma its yellow color.  3 groups of proteins in plasma –1 helps regulate H2O in blood –1 helps fight disease –1 interacts with platelets to help form clots

14. Blood and Lymph Red Blood Cells – Red Blood Cells – –Take up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to the body cells –Produced in the bone marrow –Look like little rubber life rafts with a bottom –Made up mostly of hemoglobin which is an iron-containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen –Have no nucleus –Only live about 120 days

15. White Blood Cells Produced in the bone marrow Produced in the bone marrow White blood cells are the body’s disease fighters White blood cells are the body’s disease fighters Bigger than red blood cells\ Bigger than red blood cells\ Not as many white blood cells as there are red blood cells. About 1 white for every 1,000 red. Not as many white blood cells as there are red blood cells. About 1 white for every 1,000 red. Have a nucleus so they can live for months or even years Have a nucleus so they can live for months or even years

16. Platelets Cell fragments that help make blood clots to control bleeding Cell fragments that help make blood clots to control bleeding When a blood vessel is cut or punctures, platelets collect and stick together at the site of the wound releasing a chemical that produces fibrin. The fibrin forms a net that traps the blood cells and forms a scab. When a blood vessel is cut or punctures, platelets collect and stick together at the site of the wound releasing a chemical that produces fibrin. The fibrin forms a net that traps the blood cells and forms a scab.

17. Blood Types Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian American doctor discovered that there are 4 types of blood. A, B, AB, and O. Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian American doctor discovered that there are 4 types of blood. A, B, AB, and O. Marker molecules- blood cells have marker molecules, (kind of like little signs they carry) that tell what type your blood is. If your blood type is A you have the A marker. People with AB have the A marker and the B marker. If you have the blood type O you have neither marker. Marker molecules- blood cells have marker molecules, (kind of like little signs they carry) that tell what type your blood is. If your blood type is A you have the A marker. People with AB have the A marker and the B marker. If you have the blood type O you have neither marker. Your blood has clumping proteins that act against blood that is foreign. Your blood has clumping proteins that act against blood that is foreign.

18. Blood Transfusions If you have A type blood you can receive type A and type O because O does not carry a marker to identify it as foreign. If you have A type blood you can receive type A and type O because O does not carry a marker to identify it as foreign. If you have type B blood you can receive type B or type O. If you have type B blood you can receive type B or type O. If you have AB blood you can receive types, A, B, AB, and O. If you have AB blood you can receive types, A, B, AB, and O. If you have type O blood you can only receive type O. If you have type O blood you can only receive type O.

19. Lymphatic System After blood travels through the capillaries, some of it leaks out through the thin walls. The lymphatic system is similar to rain gutters. It picks up fluid that has been leaked out and returns it to the bloodstream. After blood travels through the capillaries, some of it leaks out through the thin walls. The lymphatic system is similar to rain gutters. It picks up fluid that has been leaked out and returns it to the bloodstream. Lymph- the fluid inside the lymphatic system; consists of water and dissolved materials such as glucose Lymph- the fluid inside the lymphatic system; consists of water and dissolved materials such as glucose Has no pump so materials move very slowly Has no pump so materials move very slowly

20. Blood and Lymph Lymph Nodes – Small knobs of tissue in the lymphatic system that serve as filters trapping bacteria and disease-causing microorganisms. When the body is fighting infection these lymph nodes can swell nearby the infected body part. Lymph Nodes – Small knobs of tissue in the lymphatic system that serve as filters trapping bacteria and disease-causing microorganisms. When the body is fighting infection these lymph nodes can swell nearby the infected body part.