1. Rohingya Dilemma: a ruthless vicious circle in so-called civilized world Abdul Hamid M.V. Musa Ali Arakan, Burma By

2. Introduction Prior to Burman occupation of Arakan in 1784, Prior to Burman occupation of Arakan in 1784, Ruled by Hindus, Buddhists and Muslim Ruled by Hindus, Buddhists and Muslim Muslim Sultanate beginning in 1430 lasted for more than 350 years Muslim Sultanate beginning in 1430 lasted for more than 350 years Until it was invaded and occupied by Burman king Bodaw Paya in 1784. Until it was invaded and occupied by Burman king Bodaw Paya in 1784.

3. The map of ancient Arakan A map showing cultural divisions of South-East Asia in 15th century A.D. as shown in the Time Atlas of World Histoiy indicating Arakan as an Islamic Stale by Geoferry Banadough P- 133

4. In the year 1824, British occupied Arakan put under India In the year 1824, British occupied Arakan put under India In 1937, separated form British India In 1937, separated form British India Arakan became a province of independent Burma in 1948. Arakan became a province of independent Burma in 1948.

5. Map of present Arakan

6. Persecution minorities Since after the 1962’s coup by general Nay Win Since after the 1962’s coup by general Nay Win He confiscated the properties of Indian and nationalized, later target Chinese He confiscated the properties of Indian and nationalized, later target Chinese Finally aimed at Rohingyas Finally aimed at Rohingyas However, in the present regime the situation atrocities reach at its peak However, in the present regime the situation atrocities reach at its peak

7. The problems of the Rohingyas are the result of the forcible expulsion from their homeland are the result of the forcible expulsion from their homeland by means of persecution, genocidal massacres, torture and harassment in the most inhuman manner. by means of persecution, genocidal massacres, torture and harassment in the most inhuman manner. It is a problem of religious and political persecution It is a problem of religious and political persecution a systematic elimination of an ethnic Muslim community from their own homeland of Arakan a systematic elimination of an ethnic Muslim community from their own homeland of Arakan

8. Operation against Rohingyas Military Operation (5th Burma Regiment) November 1948 Military Operation (5th Burma Regiment) November 1948 Burma Territorial Force (BTF) Operation 1949-50 Burma Territorial Force (BTF) Operation 1949-50 Military Operation (2nd Emergency Chin regiment) March 1951-52 Military Operation (2nd Emergency Chin regiment) March 1951-52 Mayu Operation October 1952-53 Mayu Operation October 1952-53 Mone-thone Operation October 1954 Mone-thone Operation October 1954 Combined Immigration and Army Operation January 1955 Combined Immigration and Army Operation January 1955

9. Union Military Police (UMP) Operation 1955-58 Union Military Police (UMP) Operation 1955-58 Captain Htin Kyaw Operation 1959 Captain Htin Kyaw Operation 1959 Shwe Kyi Operation October 1966 Shwe Kyi Operation October 1966 Kyi Gan Operation October-December 1966 Kyi Gan Operation October-December 1966 Ngazinka Operation 1967-69 Ngazinka Operation 1967-69 Myat Mon Operation February 1969-71 Myat Mon Operation February 1969-71 Major Aung Than Operation 1973 Major Aung Than Operation 1973

10. Sabe Operation February 1974-78 Sabe Operation February 1974-78 Nagamin Operation February 1978-79 Nagamin Operation February 1978-79 Shwe Hintha Operation August 1978-80 Shwe Hintha Operation August 1978-80 Galone Operation 1979 Galone Operation 1979 Pyi Thaya Operation 1991-92 Pyi Thaya Operation 1991-92 Na-Sa-Ka Operation (border security forces) (presently going on) 1992..... Na-Sa-Ka Operation (border security forces) (presently going on) 1992.....

11. Na-Sa-Ka operation Headquarters is at the border town of Maungdaw to implement the following objectives:- Headquarters is at the border town of Maungdaw to implement the following objectives:- Socio-economic deprivation of the Rohingyas; Socio-economic deprivation of the Rohingyas; Effective control on the growth of Rohingya population; Effective control on the growth of Rohingya population; De-muslimization of Arakan through ethnic cleansing; De-muslimization of Arakan through ethnic cleansing; Spread of Buddhism and Burma Buddhist culture in Arakan with prejudice on Islam and Rohingya culture. Spread of Buddhism and Burma Buddhist culture in Arakan with prejudice on Islam and Rohingya culture.

12. Mechanisms Extra judicial killing: Since 1989 thousands of Rohingya youths and madrasah students were killed. Extra judicial killing: Since 1989 thousands of Rohingya youths and madrasah students were killed. Arbitrary arrest and extortion: is a daily routine of business of Na-Sa-Ka and police. It is popularly known as Kalar Hmu Arbitrary arrest and extortion: is a daily routine of business of Na-Sa-Ka and police. It is popularly known as Kalar Hmu Confiscation of properties: Land, and cattle confiscated and distribute it among Burman model villagers. Confiscation of properties: Land, and cattle confiscated and distribute it among Burman model villagers. Now, there are 100 model villages. Each village has 70-100 household and Now, there are 100 model villages. Each village has 70-100 household and Each house was provided with 4 acres of land and 2 pairs of cows. Each house was provided with 4 acres of land and 2 pairs of cows.

13. Anti-Rohingya and anti-Muslim propaganda: The junta incites communal riots by allowing to distribute books and taped records insulting Islam and Muslims. Anti-Rohingya and anti-Muslim propaganda: The junta incites communal riots by allowing to distribute books and taped records insulting Islam and Muslims. Rape: Rape of women is widespread. It was an official strategy to terrorize and compel the Rohingya community to flee. Rape: Rape of women is widespread. It was an official strategy to terrorize and compel the Rohingya community to flee. Forced labor: Although forced labor is prevalent throughout Burma, in North Arakan, it is only imposed on the Rohingyas. Forced labor: Although forced labor is prevalent throughout Burma, in North Arakan, it is only imposed on the Rohingyas. Restriction on movements: Rohingyas are not allowed to travel freely from one place to another, even within the same locality. Restriction on movements: Rohingyas are not allowed to travel freely from one place to another, even within the same locality.

14. Restriction on marriage: take years to obtain permission, requires payment of bribes. Some brides are forced to undergo a pregnancy test. Unauthorized marriages are criminalized and are sentenced with 4 to 7 years. Restriction on marriage: take years to obtain permission, requires payment of bribes. Some brides are forced to undergo a pregnancy test. Unauthorized marriages are criminalized and are sentenced with 4 to 7 years. Restriction on employment: As non-citizens, we are barred from all kind of employment and therefore people are jobless. Restriction on employment: As non-citizens, we are barred from all kind of employment and therefore people are jobless. Restriction on education: Illiteracy is at 80%. Primary and secondary education is neglected. Due to restrictions of movement, we are prevented from attending higher education. Restriction on education: Illiteracy is at 80%. Primary and secondary education is neglected. Due to restrictions of movement, we are prevented from attending higher education.

15. Resttriction on religious practices Many mosques have been destroyed and closed down. Many mosques have been destroyed and closed down. No permission is given even to renovate Masjids and madrasahs while building new one is totally forbidden. No permission is given even to renovate Masjids and madrasahs while building new one is totally forbidden. It means within more and less than twenty years there will not be seen any Islamic symbolical housings It means within more and less than twenty years there will not be seen any Islamic symbolical housings Most of them are build of woods and bamboos. Most of them are build of woods and bamboos.

16. Contrary to it there is no hill-top left that there is no pagoda on it. Contrary to it there is no hill-top left that there is no pagoda on it. 100 new Buddhist settlement 100 new Buddhist settlement The demography of Arakan change into Buddhism appearance The demography of Arakan change into Buddhism appearance

17. Discrimination out of Burma A. Bangladesh Refugees are treated as sub-human being Refugees are treated as sub-human being Donations are not reach to Donations are not reach to Destroyed their huts Destroyed their huts Rape refugee woman Rape refugee woman No education for children No education for children No water No water

18. Unregistered camps, Kutupalong, One view of refugee camp before destroyed

19. Another view side of refugee camp before destroyed

20. At raining season, the view of refugee camp

21. These huts were destroyed On 15/06/2009 On 15/06/2009 Join oppression by Join oppression by Police Police Ansar Ansar Forest department Forest department

22. View of camp area after destroyed Destroyed area from south-west side

24. Women build their hut as no man in the family

25. Dangerous journey Due to endless persecution in Burma Due to endless persecution in Burma Unwelcoming attitudes of neighboring Bangladesh Unwelcoming attitudes of neighboring Bangladesh Prompted many Rohingyas to seek refuge elsewhere. Prompted many Rohingyas to seek refuge elsewhere. In the past, Rohingyas used Saudi Arabia, UAE but as Bangladesh not issue passport; almost impossible, In the past, Rohingyas used Saudi Arabia, UAE but as Bangladesh not issue passport; almost impossible, The only option since 2006 became a risky boat trip to reach Malaysia via Thailand. The only option since 2006 became a risky boat trip to reach Malaysia via Thailand.

26. B. In Thailand In December 2008 and January 2009, as more and more Rohingyas fled on boats and reached Thai waters, In December 2008 and January 2009, as more and more Rohingyas fled on boats and reached Thai waters, Thailand changed policies and the Thai military, after torturing them on a deserted island, Thailand changed policies and the Thai military, after torturing them on a deserted island, Towed them back to high seas with little food and water on boats with no engines. 850 were rescued in India and Indonesia but hundreds perished in the ocean. Towed them back to high seas with little food and water on boats with no engines. 850 were rescued in India and Indonesia but hundreds perished in the ocean. Survivors are now detained in Thailand, India and Indonesia and their fate remains uncertain. Survivors are now detained in Thailand, India and Indonesia and their fate remains uncertain.

27. Asian summit, Thailand Failed address the problems Failed address the problems Non-interference policies make Asian nation to shy away from the matter Non-interference policies make Asian nation to shy away from the matter Surprisingly, they were branded illegal immigrant caught in Andaman sea Surprisingly, they were branded illegal immigrant caught in Andaman sea Level as Bangli and accept them if they can porbe Burmese Bangali Level as Bangli and accept them if they can porbe Burmese Bangali Why Bangali Why not Rohingya? Think! Why Bangali Why not Rohingya? Think!

28. C. How about Malaysia? Caught and deported Caught and deported Employment problems Employment problems No education for children No education for children Even not admit into the religious school Even not admit into the religious school No medical facilities No medical facilities

29. Our humble Appeal International bodies UN, EU, OIC, ASEAN, NGOs International bodies UN, EU, OIC, ASEAN, NGOs Countries such as UK, USA, India, China, Australia and Countries such as UK, USA, India, China, Australia and To explore a permanent solution to the outstanding Rohingya problems To explore a permanent solution to the outstanding Rohingya problems Within the frame work of the international law, pacts on human rights and other international practices. Within the frame work of the international law, pacts on human rights and other international practices.

30. To pressurise the Burmese Junta: 1. To recognise Rohingyas as an indigenous ethnic 1. To recognise Rohingyas as an indigenous ethnic 2. To issue immediately national identity cards 2. To issue immediately national identity cards 3. To give permission to build Mosques and other--- 3. To give permission to build Mosques and other--- 4. To admit into higher education including----- 4. To admit into higher education including----- 5. To stop extra- Judicial Killing, raping Rohingya women, any form of harassing 5. To stop extra- Judicial Killing, raping Rohingya women, any form of harassing

31. 6. To stop arbitrary arrest, torture, arbitrary taxation 6. To stop arbitrary arrest, torture, arbitrary taxation 7. To lift ALL form of restrictions 7. To lift ALL form of restrictions 8. To stop forced slave labour 8. To stop forced slave labour 9. To lift restrictions of Marriage 9. To lift restrictions of Marriage 10. To stop forced Eviction and House Destruction 10. To stop forced Eviction and House Destruction 11. To give back forced confiscated land to their owner. 11. To give back forced confiscated land to their owner. 12. To call back all model villagers to their original places 12. To call back all model villagers to their original places

32. Our appeal to host countries To give temporary protection To give temporary protection To issue document To issue document To give chance for education To give chance for education Permission for employment Permission for employment Assess for treatment Assess for treatment

33. Our appeal to NGOs To highlight Rohingya problems To highlight Rohingya problems To form a working team among NGOs To form a working team among NGOs Work collectively Work collectively To find a way To find a way To formulate a mechanism for permanent solution To formulate a mechanism for permanent solution To approach government To approach government

34. Acknowledgement ● Universal Justice Network ● Citizen International, Penang, Malaysia ● Islamic Human Rights Council, UK ● Honorable chairman, Dr. Muhideen Abdul Kader, Vice president, Consumer’s Associaton Penang. ● Ustaz Cikgu Mohd Azmi Abdul Hamid, President TERAS, and also Training Coordinator ● All staff members, for their hardworking

35. Thank you