1. Agriculture Development Strategy: Korea’s experience and lessons for Rwanda Prepared and presented by: Ntezimana Neo Justin Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB)

2. Background Agriculture system in Rwanda needs transformation : transformation may be defined as the change, or the process of changing, from one form, substance, nature, or state into another. Within human Society, transformation might be social, economic, behaviour, …. Vision 2020 addresses some questions such as the transformations needed to emerge from a deeply unsatisfactory social and economic situation

3. Background (Cont’d) Vision 2020 seems to some as an ambitious and not realistic plan, but reference has been made to East Asian Tigers which emerged from similar unfavourable initial conditions. Among those East Asian Tigers is included The republic of South Korea, committed to train some people from developing countries like Rwanda into different courses in order to share its development process. Underneath, we are sharing outcomes of a training course on Agriculture Community Leadership Development, attended in South Korea on March 2014.

4. South Korea at a glance Location: South Korea lies between Japan, North Korea and China Area: 99,678 Km 2 Population: 48.46 million among them 1.1 million foreign residents. Active population is 24.2 million (2007). Median Age: 36.1 years (2007) Population increase rate: 0.33% (2007) Life expectance: Males 75.7 years, females 82.4 years (2006).

5. South Korea at a glance (Cont’d) Currency: won (US$1 = 1050 won: average 2014 exchange rate) Language: Korean Capital City: Seoul - 10.1 million (2007) Religion: A 2005 census showed half of the population actively practices religion. Among this group, 10,726,463 Buddhists, 8,616,438 Protestants and 5,146,147 Catholics. Gross Domestic Product: US$969.9 billion (2007) Per Capita GNI: US$ 20,045 (2007) GDP Growth Rate: 5.0 percent (2007)

6. South Korea at a glance (Cont’d) Exports: US$ 371.5 billion (2007) Imports: US$ 356.8 billion (2007) Major Industrial Products: Semiconductors, automobiles, ships, consumer electronics, mobile telecommunication equipment, steel and chemicals. AID: Korea contributed US$ 455 million in Official Developmental Aid (ODA) in 2006

7. Onion of Transformation Mindset Lifestyle Technology Knowledge

8. Mindset Mindset is defined as beliefs that affect somebody's attitude: a set of beliefs or a way of thinking that determine somebody's behaviour and outlook. In agriculture sector, the mindset change begins by individual farmer pioneer to influence neighbours and society.

9. Lifestyle Lifestyle is seen as the manner of living: the way of life characteristic of a particular person, group, or culture. Actually, the lifestyle expresses the mindset. It is the way of working, eating, walking, sleeping, washing, exercising, sitting, … For a good change, farmers should modify or improve their way of doing things. Example: – Washing hands reduces contagious diseases, hence enhancing life expectance ; – Working 10 hours instead of 8 hours should raise income;

10. Technology Here, technology is seen as a method of applying technical knowledge: a method or methodology that applies technical knowledge or tools. For a better transformation, Korean Farmers didn’t start by sophisticated technology but accessible and local technology. Farmers in Rwanda can start by the organic home made fertilizers, organic home made pesticides, organic home made animal feeds, low cost livestock and agriculture infrastructures; or they can improve the way they do it for a better start.

11. Knowledge Knowledge is the information in mind: general awareness or possession of information, facts, ideas, truths, or principles. Knowledge is a very important requirement for transformation. Farmers must first know that they would move from one stage to better ones. Visiting successful cases will enhance the knowledge of farmers on the way of doing things and will originate a really need of transformation.

12. Knowledge (cont’d) Learning by doing trainings are also a very usefully stage of knowledge that should help fast transformation. Through knowledge, farmers in Korea realized that farming is not the only way of living and shift from agriculture to other sectors of activity. Thus, in 1960, workers in the agricultural, forestry and fishery sectors accounted for 63 percent of the total labor force in Korea. However, this figure dropped to 7.3 percent in 2007

13. Negative chain of poverty Bad culture Low social integrity Low social credit Low cooperation Bad natural condition Low income Low tax Low infrastructure Low education and investment Low productivity

14. Important steps for transformation in Agriculture To break the negative chain of poverty, Korean passed through 3 important steps: Individual conscience and mindset transformation Model farm (To increase cashability) Model village (Increase systematic activity) – Village cooperative – Village enterprise – Village branding – Village banking

15. Palpable actions taken Canaan Movement has been one of the key for transformation in Korea. Canaan Farmers Schools were created and helped people to take important actions for their transformation. Those actions are such as: Change the lifestyle (Ex: increase working hours, Close bars during working hours, ….) Organized work (Community and social integration) Making development projects with targeted achievements involving public and private actors Committed leaders with role: Work - Service – Sacrifice.

16. Palpable actions taken Creative marketing (Market analysis, contracts with food companies, control the market by house storerooms, …) Continuous education (Formal and informal) Enhancing information accessibility Development of infrastructure (private and communal) Human resources management: vulnerable people integrated within the development process

17. Lessons for Rwanda Korea has known very difficult period after the Korean war which opposed South and North leading to the division of the Korean Peninsula Rwanda has also known very difficult period after Tutsi Genocide. Despite the really difficult moments, South Koreans achieved a tangible development within 5 last decades. The average income per capita shifted from less than 100$ in 1953 to 20,045$ in 2007. The development process that take place into Korea is also achievable in Rwanda.

18. Lessons for Rwanda (Cont’d) To achieve the development process in Rwanda, we have to pass through the same process applying the onion of transformation according to Rwandan geographical and socio economic situation Rwanda has several opportunities to achieve agriculture development: – Leaders are committed to realize national development and agriculture is the pillar of Rwandan economy – Development policies are settled and targeted (EDPRS, Vision 2020, …) – Citizens demonstrate a need to move forward

19. Conclusion Agriculture development in Korea involved public sector (Leaders), private sector (businessmen) and community (Civil society). Those entities in Rwanda are also working hand in hand for development. There is hope that it is attainable. Agriculture development should include really committed and skilled farmers. There is a need to some people to adopt other economic activities instead of being called farmers while they even don’t have land. This helped Korea to move to the state they are now.