1. PROFESSIONAL CODE OF ETHICS: LECTURE TWO

2. Professional Ethics:  Concerns one's conduct of behavior and practice when carrying out professional work, e.g, consulting, researching, teaching, writing, practicing, and etc  Categories: Medical, Legal, Accounting, Computer, etc. 6/6/2016 2 NAKATO.RUTH

3. Professional Ethics… Professional Ethics must take into account the following:  Relations between professionals and clients  Relations between profession and society  Relations among professionals  Relations between employee and employer  Specialized technical details of the profession 6/6/2016 3 NAKATO.RUTH

4. Professional Codes Of Conduct  When groups of people claim to be professionals;  they take on special rights and obligations because of their special claims to knowledge, wisdom, and respect. 6/6/2016 4 NAKATO.RUTH

5. Professional Codes Of Conduct…  Symbolize professionalism  Protect group interests  Specify membership etiquette  Inspire good conduct  Educate and discipline members  Foster external relations  Enumerate principles, express ideals  Put forth rules, offer guidelines  Codify rights 6/6/2016 5 NAKATO.RUTH

6. Association of professionals Professional codes of conduct are broadcasted by association of professionals e.g;  The Association of Information Technology Professional (AITP)  The Association of computing Machinery (ACM)  American medical association(AMA)  The American Bar association (ABA)  The Uganda Law society. 6/6/2016 6 NAKATO.RUTH

7. Association of professionals  Data Processing Management Association (DPMA)  Data Management Association International (DAMA)  Association of Independent Information Professionals (AIIP)  Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (IEEE)  American Society for Information Science & Technology (ASIST)  Society for Competitive Information Professionals (SCIP). 6/6/2016 7 NAKATO.RUTH

8. Association of professionals  Professional groups are responsible for the partial regulation of their profession by determining entrance qualification and competence.  Every established professional association struggles with ethics. 6/6/2016 8 NAKATO.RUTH

9. Code of ethics  The domains in which ethics is defined are governed by a particular and definitive regiment called “codes of ethics”.  These rules and guidelines are usually followed by members of the respective domains.  Depending on the domain ethical codes can take any of the following forms. 6/6/2016 9 NAKATO.RUTH

10. Forms of ethical codes  Principles;  act as guidelines, references or bases for some documents.  Public policies;  may include aspects of acceptable behavior, norms, and practices of a society or group.  Codes of conduct;  These include ethical principles.  Legal instruments;  Enforce legal conduct through courts. 6/6/2016 10 NAKATO.RUTH

11. Code of ethics for computer professionals. For this class we shall consider the code of ethics of the following societies;  The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)  The Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers – Computer Society (IEEE-CS)  The Association of Information Technology Professional (AITP) 6/6/2016 11 NAKATO.RUTH

12. The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)  Adopted by ACM council in 1992  It has Four major sections:  1. General moral imperatives  2. more specific professional responsibilies  3. organizational leadership imperatives  4. compliance with the code. 6/6/2016 12 NAKATO.RUTH

13. ACM Code of Ethics and Conduct  1. General moral imperatives  As an ACM member I will……….  1.1 Contribute to society and human well-being.  1.2 Avoid harm to others.  1.3 Be honest and trustworthy.  1.4 Be fair and take action not to discriminate.  1.5 Honor property rights including copyrights and patent.  1.6 Give proper credit for intellectual property.  1.7 Respect the privacy of others.  1.8 Honor confidentiality. 6/6/2016 13 NAKATO.RUTH

14. A CM 2. More specific professional responsibilities. As an ACM computing professional I will....  2.1 Strive to achieve the highest quality, effectiveness and dignity in both the process and products of professional work.  2.2 Acquire and maintain professional competence.  2.3 Know and respect existing laws pertaining to professional work.  2.4 Accept and provide appropriate professional review. 6/6/2016 14 NAKATO.RUTH

15.  2.5 Give comprehensive and thorough evaluations of computer systems and their impacts, including analysis of possible risks.  2.6 Honor contracts, agreements, and assigned responsibilities.  2.7 Improve public understanding of computing and its consequences.  2.8 Access computing and communication resources only when authorized to do so. 6/6/2016NAKATO.RUTH 15

16. ACM 3. Organizational leadership imperatives. As an ACM member and an organizational leader, I will....  3.1 Articulate social responsibilities of members of an organizational unit and encourage full acceptance of those responsibilities.  3.2 Manage personnel and resources to design and build information systems that enhance the quality of working life.  3.3 Acknowledge and support proper and authorized uses of an organization's computing and communication resources.  3.4 Ensure that users and those who will be affected by a system have their needs clearly articulated during the assessment and design of requirements; later the system must be validated to meet requirements. 6/6/2016 16 NAKATO.RUTH

17. 4. Compliance with the code. As an ACM member I will....  4.1 Uphold and promote the principles of this Code.  4.2 Treat violations of this code as inconsistent with membership in the ACM. 6/6/2016 17 NAKATO.RUTH

18. IEEE Code of Ethics  Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice  Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice (Version 5.2) as recommended by the ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Task Force on Software Engineering Ethics and Professional Practices and jointly approved by the ACM and the IEEE-CS as the standard for teaching and practicing software engineering. (The Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers – Computer Society) code of ethics………. 6/6/2016 18 NAKATO.RUTH

19. IEEE Code of Ethics… 1.to accept responsibility in making engineering decisions consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment; 2. to avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they do exist; 6/6/2016 19 NAKATO.RUTH

20. IEEE Code of Ethics… 3. to be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data; 4. to reject bribery in all its forms; 5. to improve the understanding of technology, its appropriate application, and potential consequences 6. to maintain and improve our technical competence and to undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by training or experience, or after full disclosure of relevant limitations; 6/6/2016 20 NAKATO.RUTH

21. IEEE Code of Ethics… 7. to seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of others; 8. to treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race, religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin; 9. to avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious action; 10. to assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional development and to support them in following this code of ethics. 6/6/2016 21 NAKATO.RUTH

22. ACM/IEEE Joint Ethics  1. Public – Act in public interest  2. Client and Employer – Act in a manner that is in the best interests of the client and employer  3. Product – Ensure their products meet highest professional standards  4. Judgment – Maintain integrity and independence 6/6/2016 22 NAKATO.RUTH

23. ACM/IEEE Joint Ethics…  5. Management – Managers and leaders shall subscribe to an ethical approach to software development and maintenance  6. Profession – Advance the integrity of the profession  7. Colleagues – Be fair and supportive of colleagues  8. Self – Participate in lifelong learning and promote an ethical approach to the practice of the profession 6/6/2016 23 NAKATO.RUTH

24. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) Code of Ethics Version 1.0 - April 24, 2004  Principle one; I will strive to know myself and be honest about my capability. 1.1 When possible I will demonstrate my performance capability with my skills via projects, leadership, and/or accredited educational programs and will encourage others to do so as well.  I will strive to convey any knowledge (specialist or otherwise) that I have gained to others so everyone gains the benefit of each other's knowledge. 6/6/2016 24 NAKATO.RUTH

25. (IT) Code of Ethics… 1.2 I will not hesitate to seek assistance or guidance when faced with a task beyond my abilities or experience. I will embrace other professionals' advice and learn from their experiences and mistakes. I will treat this as an opportunity to learn new techniques and approaches. When the situation arises that my assistance is called upon, I will respond willingly to share my knowledge with others. 6/6/2016 25 NAKATO.RUTH

26. (IT) Code of Ethics… 1.3 I will strive to convey any knowledge (specialist or otherwise) that I have gained to others so everyone gains the benefit of each other's knowledge. 1.4. I will teach willingly and empower others with Industry Best Practices (IBP). I will offer my knowledge to show others how to become security professionals in their own right. I will strive to be perceived as and be an honest and trustworthy employee. 6/6/2016 26 NAKATO.RUTH

27. (IT) Code of Ethics… 1.5. I will not advance private interests at the expense of end users, colleagues, or my employer. 1.6. I will not abuse my power. I will use my technical knowledge, user rights, and permissions only to fulfill my responsibilities to my employer. 1.7. I will avoid and be alert to any circumstances or actions that might lead to conflicts of interest or the perception of conflicts of interest. If such circumstance occurs, I will notify my employer or business partners. 6/6/2016 27 NAKATO.RUTH

28. (IT) Code of Ethics… 1.8. I will not steal property, time or resources. 1.9. I will reject bribery or kickbacks and will report such illegal activity. 1.10 I will report on the illegal activities of myself and others without respect to the punishments involved. I will not tolerate those who lie, steal, or cheat as a means of success in IT. 6/6/2016 28 NAKATO.RUTH

29. (IT) Code of Ethics…  Principle Two; I will conduct my business in a manner that assures the IT profession is considered one of integrity and professionalism. 2.1 I will not injure others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious action. 2.2. I will not use availability and access to information for personal gains through corporate espionage. 2.3 I will distinguish between advocacy and engineering. I will not present analysis and opinion as fact. 2.4. I will adhere to Industry Best Practices (IBP) for system design, rollout, hardening and testing. 6/6/2016 29 NAKATO.RUTH

30. (IT) Code of Ethics… 2.5 I am obligated to report all system vulnerabilities that might result in significant damage. 2.6 I respect intellectual property and will be careful to give credit for other's work. I will never steal or misuse copyrighted, patented material, trade secrets or any other intangible asset. 2.7 I will accurately document my setup procedures and any modifications I have done to equipment. This will ensure that others will be informed of procedures and changes I've made. 6/6/2016 30 NAKATO.RUTH

31. (IT) Code of Ethics…  Principle three; I respect privacy and confidentiality. 3.1 I respect the privacy of my co-workers' information. I will not peruse or examine their information including data, files, records, or network traffic, except as defined by the appointed roles, the organization's acceptable use policy, as approved by Human Resources, and without the permission of the end user. 6/6/2016 31 NAKATO.RUTH

32. (IT) Code of Ethics… 3.2. I will obtain permission before probing systems on a network for vulnerabilities. 3.3. I respect the right to confidentiality with my employers, clients, and users except as dictated by applicable law. I respect human dignity. I treasure and will defend equality, justice and respect for others. I will not participate in any form of discrimination, whether due to race, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, sexual orientation, gender/sexual identity or expression, marital status, creed, religion, age, disability, veteran's status, or political ideology. 6/6/2016 32 NAKATO.RUTH

33. The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics (from the Computer Ethics Institute) 1. Thou shall not use a computer to harm other people 2. Thou shall not interfere with other people's computer work 3. Thou shall not snoop around in other people's computer files 4. Thou shall not use a computer to steal 5. Thou shall not use a computer to bear false witness 6/6/2016 33 NAKATO.RUTH

34. The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics (from the Computer Ethics Institute) 6. Thou shall not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid 7. Thou shall not use other people's computer resources without authorization or proper compensation 8. Thou shall not appropriate other people's intellectual output 9. Thou shall think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing 10. Thou shall always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow humans 6/6/2016 34 NAKATO.RUTH

35. Ethical Guidelines for Computer Professionals  Computer Professionals are experts in their field.  Know customers rely on their knowledge, expertise, and honesty,  Understand their products (and related risks) affect many people,  Follow good professional standards and practices,  Maintain an expected level of competence and are up-to- date on current knowledge and technology, and  Educate the non-computer professionals. 6/6/2016 35 NAKATO.RUTH

36. Additional Guidelines for the Computer Professional  Understand Success  Understand what success means—developers (especially) and users of computer systems must see beyond simply writing code to complete a task.  Design for Real Users; To provide useful systems, real users must be included in the design stage.  Test With Real Users To provide safe systems, real users must be included in the testing stage.  Thorough Planning and Scheduling Pay attention to details—do a thorough and careful job when planning and scheduling a project and when writing bids. 6/6/2016 36 NAKATO.RUTH

37. Objectives of codes of ethics  1. Disciplinary; by instilling discipline, the group of profession ensures professionalism and integrity of its members.  2. Advisory: the codes are usually the good source of tips to members and offer advice & guidance in areas where there are unclear moral issues.  3. Educational: Ethical codes are good educational tools for members of the domain especially the new ones, who have to learn the dos and don'ts of the new profession. Codes are also source of renewal to older members needing to refresh and polish their morals. 6/6/2016 37 NAKATO.RUTH

38. Objectives of codes of ethics(2)  4. inspirational: The codes should also carry hidden and concealed messages to the users to inspire them to be “good”.  5. Publicity; One way for professionals to create a good clientele is to show that they have a strong code of ethics and hence their members are committed to basic values and are responsible. 6/6/2016 38 NAKATO.RUTH

39. THANK YOU