1. French Revolution

2. 3 estates Clergy of Roman Catholic Church Nobility The rest of France Clergy of Roman Catholic Church Nobility The rest of France

3. Causes of French Revolution Fighting between the 3 estates Influence of Enlightenment ideas Influence of the American Revolution Fighting between the 3 estates Influence of Enlightenment ideas Influence of the American Revolution

4. The Revolution People of France captured the Bastille prison (symbol of royal oppression) People of France captured the Bastille prison (symbol of royal oppression)

5. Reign of Terror Government worked to suppress all opposition and revolts within France Hundreds were sent to guillotine Anyone suspected of disloyalty was killed Did not stop the unrest in France

6. End of Monarchy Louis XVI was charged with treason (crimes against the government) and beheaded

7. French Government Timeline Monarchy (Louis XVI) Series of different governments created resulting from French Revolution Napoleon as Dictator Napoleon as Emperor

8. Napoleon

9. Napoleon as Dictator Country was losing war with foreign powers and had chaos at home and many believed that only Napoleon could restore order and win victories

10. Napoleon Dictator cont. Napoleon’s supporters seized power by force Controlled army and navy and could propose laws Napoleonic Code with public education system and religious tolerance

11. Napoleon as Emperor 1804 - declared France an empire Napoleonic Wars – Napoleon continued to win – By 1809, he dominated Europe – Goal: unify Europe under French domination – Because of Napoleon, nationalism spread throughout Europe 1804 - declared France an empire Napoleonic Wars – Napoleon continued to win – By 1809, he dominated Europe – Goal: unify Europe under French domination – Because of Napoleon, nationalism spread throughout Europe

12. Russia Grand Army - to attack Russia Napoleon and his men could not survive harsh winter and had to retreat By the time they returned, the army had lost 2/3 of its troops One of greatest military disasters of all time Russia and others joined forces and defeated Napoleon Napoleon was forced to give up the throne and the monarch was restored (unsuccessful in his attempt to unify Europe under French control)

13. Congress of Vienna New Political Map of Europe 3 Principles – Countries who suffered at the hands of Napoleon had to be compensated – Balance of power restored – Restore monarchies

14. Congress of Vienna Map Map of Napoleon’s Control

15. Political Philosophies Liberals - democracy and freedom (likes change) Conservatives - wanted monarchies (against change) Congress of Vienna was conservative

16. Impact of Congress of Vienna National pride, economic competition, and democratic ideals stimulated the growth of nationalism The terms of the Congress of Vienna led to widespread discontent in Europe especially in Italy and German states. Unsuccessful revolutions of 1848 increased nationalistic tensions

17. Great Britain More liberal than most of Europe Expanded political rights Made slavery illegal in the British Empire