1. Energy & Fossil Fuels A fuel is a substance that provides a form of energy as a result of a chemical change A fuel is a substance that provides a form of energy as a result of a chemical change Energy can be converted from one form to another Energy can be converted from one form to anotherconverted 3 major fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas 3 major fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gasoil These fuels release more energy when they are burned than most other substances do These fuels release more energy when they are burned than most other substances do Because fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years to form, they are considered nonrenewable resources Because fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years to form, they are considered nonrenewable resources

2. Renewable Sources of Energy The sun constantly gives off energy in the form of heat and light. Solar energy can serve directly or indirectly as a renewable energy source. The sun constantly gives off energy in the form of heat and light. Solar energy can serve directly or indirectly as a renewable energy source. Because the sun causes winds and drives the water cycle, wind power and water power are considered indirect forms of solar energy. Because the sun causes winds and drives the water cycle, wind power and water power are considered indirect forms of solar energy. Biomass fuels, geothermal energy, and hydrogen power are other renewable energy sources that are currently in limited use. Biomass fuels, geothermal energy, and hydrogen power are other renewable energy sources that are currently in limited use.

3. Nuclear Power Nuclear reactions include fission reactions and fusion reactions Nuclear reactions include fission reactions and fusion reactions Fission reaction: the impact of a neutron splits an atom’s nucleus into 2 smaller nuclei and 2 or more neutrons. Fission reaction: the impact of a neutron splits an atom’s nucleus into 2 smaller nuclei and 2 or more neutrons. Fission reaction Fission reaction Fusion reaction: 2 kinds of hydrogen nuclei are forced together. A large amount of energy is released in both processes. Fusion reaction: 2 kinds of hydrogen nuclei are forced together. A large amount of energy is released in both processes. Fusion reaction Fusion reaction In a nuclear power plant, the thermal energy released from controlled fission reactions is used to generate electricity In a nuclear power plant, the thermal energy released from controlled fission reactions is used to generate electricitynuclear power plantnuclear power plant Disadvantages of nuclear power include the risk of a meltdown and radioactive waste. Disadvantages of nuclear power include the risk of a meltdown and radioactive waste.

4. Energy Conservation To avoid an energy shortage in the future, people must find new sources of energy and conserve the fuels that are available now. To avoid an energy shortage in the future, people must find new sources of energy and conserve the fuels that are available now. Insulation keeps a building from losing heat to, or gaining heat from, the outside. Insulation keeps a building from losing heat to, or gaining heat from, the outside. Ways to conserve energy use in transportation include making more efficient vehicles, carpooling, and using public transit. Ways to conserve energy use in transportation include making more efficient vehicles, carpooling, and using public transit.

5. Types of Power Plants Electric Power Plant, p. 293 Electric Power Plant, p. 293 Electric Power Plant Electric Power Plant Hydroelectric Energy Power Plant, pg. 302 Hydroelectric Energy Power Plant, pg. 302 Hydroelectric Energy Power Plant Hydroelectric Energy Power Plant Geothermal Power Plant, pg. 303 Geothermal Power Plant, pg. 303 Geothermal Power Plant Geothermal Power Plant Nuclear Power Plant, pg. 309 Nuclear Power Plant, pg. 309 Nuclear Power Plant Nuclear Power Plant http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/21313-generating- electricity-nuclear-power-video.htm http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/21313-generating- electricity-nuclear-power-video.htm http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/21313-generating- electricity-nuclear-power-video.htm http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/21313-generating- electricity-nuclear-power-video.htm http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic- ref/students.html#nuclear_energy http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic- ref/students.html#nuclear_energy http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic- ref/students.html#nuclear_energy http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic- ref/students.html#nuclear_energy Fission & Fusion Fission & Fusion Fission & Fusion Fission & Fusion