1. The Rise of Fascism and WWII 1922-1945

2. Aggression and the policy of Appeasement Appeasement- The Policy of giving in to an aggressor in order to maintain peace. Appeasement- The Policy of giving in to an aggressor in order to maintain peace. Why would nations choose Appeasement? Why would nations choose Appeasement?

3. Japan During the early 20’s Japan became more democratic, setting up a parliament During the early 20’s Japan became more democratic, setting up a parliament Onset of the Great Depression.-People blamed the government Onset of the Great Depression.-People blamed the government Military rulers gained public support and gained control of the government Military rulers gained public support and gained control of the government Military leaders kept Emperor as the symbol of power. Military leaders kept Emperor as the symbol of power. Use conquered territories to provide raw materials and markets for goods. Use conquered territories to provide raw materials and markets for goods.

4. Japan’s Strategy for Dealing with Crisis Military leaders wanted to solve economic problems through Empire. Military leaders wanted to solve economic problems through Empire. 1931- Japan invades Manchuria against the objections of Japanese Parliament 1931- Japan invades Manchuria against the objections of Japanese Parliament Manchuria rich in Iron and coal Manchuria rich in Iron and coal Japanese set up a puppet government Japanese set up a puppet government

5. International Response to Japan League of Nations Protested League of Nations Protested Deemed it a Violation of the Kellog-Briand pact- which “renounced war as an instrument of national policy.” signed by most nations except Soviet Union Deemed it a Violation of the Kellog-Briand pact- which “renounced war as an instrument of national policy.” signed by most nations except Soviet Union League had no military could not enforce treaty League had no military could not enforce treaty Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933 Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933

6. Japan Invades Mainland China 1937 The Rape of Nanking The Rape of Nanking Between December 1937 and March 1938 at least 369,366 Chinese civilians and prisoners of war were slaughtered by the invading troops. An estimated 80,000 women and girls were raped; many of them were then mutilated or murdered. Between December 1937 and March 1938 at least 369,366 Chinese civilians and prisoners of war were slaughtered by the invading troops. An estimated 80,000 women and girls were raped; many of them were then mutilated or murdered.

7. European Aggression and the Policy of Appeasement October 1935 Italy- Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia October 1935 Italy- Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia Tests new Chemical weapons on Ethiopian population Tests new Chemical weapons on Ethiopian population Easily defeats Ethiopians Easily defeats Ethiopians Ethiopian Ruler appealed to League of Nations for help Ethiopian Ruler appealed to League of Nations for help League condemned attacks but did nothing League condemned attacks but did nothing

8. Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty Part of NAZI platform was to overturn Versailles Treaty. Part of NAZI platform was to overturn Versailles Treaty. March 1935 Hitler rearmed Germany violating the condition limiting Germany’s Army. March 1935 Hitler rearmed Germany violating the condition limiting Germany’s Army. League failed to respond League failed to respond

9. The Formation of the Axis Powers 1936 – Rome-Berlin Axis. Hitler (Germany) and Mussolini (Italy) agreed to cooperate on several international issues. 1936 – Rome-Berlin Axis. Hitler (Germany) and Mussolini (Italy) agreed to cooperate on several international issues. One month later Japan aligned itself with Germany and Italy in the Anti-Commintern Pact. (agreed to share information on Communist groups) One month later Japan aligned itself with Germany and Italy in the Anti-Commintern Pact. (agreed to share information on Communist groups)

10. Aggression And Appeasement Cont. Hitler argued for a German Empire for Germans and claimed that Germans needed Lebensraum Hitler argued for a German Empire for Germans and claimed that Germans needed Lebensraum Hitler’s Third Reich- (Desire to create a new German Empire) Hitler’s Third Reich- (Desire to create a new German Empire) March 1936 Hitler moves into the Rhineland March 1936 Hitler moves into the Rhineland No response by Britain and France No response by Britain and France Spanish-Civil War – Liberal regime vs. Fascist movement led by Francisco Franco Spanish-Civil War – Liberal regime vs. Fascist movement led by Francisco Franco Hitler and Mussolini sent arms to Spain to help Franco’s movement Hitler and Mussolini sent arms to Spain to help Franco’s movement

11. Aggression and Appeasement Cont. Desire to annex Austria and Czechoslovakia. Desire to annex Austria and Czechoslovakia. Versailles Treaty prohibited Anschluss Versailles Treaty prohibited Anschluss March 1938 Hitler Annexed Austria March 1938 Hitler Annexed Austria Austrian People supported the move Austrian People supported the move

12. Aggression and Appeasement Cont. September 1938 – Hitler demanded the Sudetenland from Czechsolovakia September 1938 – Hitler demanded the Sudetenland from Czechsolovakia Czech asked France for help Czech asked France for help Munich Conference Sept. 29 1938- proposed by Mussolini -Britain, France, Germany, and Italy. (excluded Soviet Union) Munich Conference Sept. 29 1938- proposed by Mussolini -Britain, France, Germany, and Italy. (excluded Soviet Union) Britain and France gave Germany the Sudetenland if Germany would respect Czech’s new borders. Britain and France gave Germany the Sudetenland if Germany would respect Czech’s new borders. 6 months later Hitler took all of Czech 6 months later Hitler took all of Czech

13. Aggression and Appeasement Cont. April 1939 - Mussolini seized Albania April 1939 - Mussolini seized Albania Hitler demands Poland return the Port of Danzig. Hitler demands Poland return the Port of Danzig. Poles refused turned to Britain and France for help Poles refused turned to Britain and France for help Britain and France state that if Germany invades Poland they will go to war Britain and France state that if Germany invades Poland they will go to war

14. Non-Aggression Pact Aug 23 1939 Non-aggression Pact- between Russia and Germany. Pledge not to attack each other. Hitler promised Stalin territory Aug 23 1939 Non-aggression Pact- between Russia and Germany. Pledge not to attack each other. Hitler promised Stalin territory Hitler promised Stalin Territory in the Baltic States Hitler promised Stalin Territory in the Baltic States Secret agreement Germany and the Soviet Union would divide Poland between them Secret agreement Germany and the Soviet Union would divide Poland between them Stalin could take over Finland, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. Stalin could take over Finland, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia.

15. World War II Begins September 1 st 1939 – Hitler Invades Poland September 1 st 1939 – Hitler Invades Poland Sept 3 rd 1939 – Britain and France declare war on Germany Sept 3 rd 1939 – Britain and France declare war on Germany

16. The Definition of Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result.