1. Heredity Unit 2 Honors Biology Test Review

2. 1. What did Griffith’s experiment show about the genetic material of bacteria cells? The genetic material can be moved from one bacteria to another, changing its traits.

3. 2. What is this movement of genetic material called? Transformation

4. 3. Avery further extended Griffith’s experiment to show that the genetic material being transformed (moved) was what? DNA

5. 4. Name this kind of virus. Bacteriophage

6. 5. What atom is found in structure A that is NOT found in structure B? PROTEIN COAT DNA Sulfur

7. 5. What atom is found in structure B that is NOT found in structure A? PROTEIN COAT DNA Phosphorus

8. 6. Hershey and Chase showed that radioactively labeled DNA was INSIDE the bacteria after being infected by the virus. What does this tell us about DNA? DNA is the genetic material not just for bacteria, but viruses and ultimately, all other living things too.

9. 7. Chargaff showed base-pairing rules by collecting data about the composition of bases in DNA from different organisms. What would be the percentage of T’s in yeast based on the chart below? ~31.3

10. 8. Chargaff showed base-pairing rules by collecting data about the composition of bases in DNA from different organisms. What would be the percentage of G’s in humans based on the chart below? ~22.6

11. 9. Name this molecule. DNA

12. 10. What is the function of this molecule? To store genetic information

13. 11. Name the structure boxed at the “X.” Nucleotide

14. 12. What three things make up a nucleotide? 5-carbon Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen Base (ATCG)

15. Name the scientist. 13.Produced X-ray images of DNA. 14.Discovered that DNA followed base-pairing rules. 15.Identified the double helix structure of DNA. Rosalind Franklin Erwin Chargaff Watson and Crick

16. 16. Name this process. DNA Replication

17. 17. Which one is a new strand of DNA? A B B

18. 18. Name the enzyme which adds nucleotides to a new DNA strand during replication. DNA Polymerase

19. 19. Why must transcription take place in the nucleus? DNA must remain in the nucleus where it is protected.

20. 20. Name a difference between mRNA and DNA. RNA has the sugar ribose RNA is single stranded RNA has Uracil rather than Thymine

21. 21. How do you know this is mRNA? There are Us instead of Ts

22. 22. What are the amino acids that will be translated from this mRNA? Met-Asn-Ser

23. 23. Name the process in “X.” Transcription

24. 24. Name the process in step “Y.” Translation

25. 25. What is structure “C”? Ribosome

26. 25. What is structure “D”? tRNA

27. 26. UAC is the anticodon for methionine. How does the anticodon compare to the codon? The codon is on mRNA, while the anticodon is on tRNA. The anticodon is the opposite base pairs of the codon.

28. 27. What is the complementary strand of DNA? TACGGGAGTTGCATT ATGCCCTCATCGTAA

29. 28. Transcribe the sequence into mRNA. TACGGGAGTTGCATT AUGCCCUCAACGUAA

30. 29. Translate the sequence into a protein. AUGCCCUCAACGUAA Met-Pro-Ser-Thr-Stop