1. World Trends in Population

2. Trends you know? China and India China and India Developed vs. Developing Developed vs. Developing Europe Europe Africa Africa Other?? Other??

4. Population Density A measure of how compact or concentrated a population is. It takes area of land into account as well as population. For example Canada as a whole has a much larger population than Winnipeg alone. However Canada is spread out over a much larger area than is Winnipeg. Therefore, Winnipeg would have a higher population density than Canada For example Canada as a whole has a much larger population than Winnipeg alone. However Canada is spread out over a much larger area than is Winnipeg. Therefore, Winnipeg would have a higher population density than Canada

5. Density Check out this website…. Check out this website…. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalan ce/eart-flash.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalan ce/eart-flash.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalan ce/eart-flash.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalan ce/eart-flash.html

8. How to find density… Population Density = population per unit area (km2) Sparsely populated = small number of people per unit area Sparsely populated = small number of people per unit area ( less than 100 people / Km2) ( less than 100 people / Km2) Densely Populated = high number of people per unit area Densely Populated = high number of people per unit area (higher than 100 people / Km2 ) (higher than 100 people / Km2 )

9. World’s Densest Cities Some busy places..... Some busy places..... Some busy places..... Some busy places.....

10. Density: global trends North America: North America: Sparsely populated in north, Sparsely populated in north, Densely populated along north eastern U.S. and south western U.S. Densely populated along north eastern U.S. and south western U.S. South America: South America: Sparsely populated in Center, Sparsely populated in Center, Densely populated along Western Coast but most dense south Eastern Brazil Densely populated along Western Coast but most dense south Eastern Brazil Europe: Europe: Sparsely populated in Extreme North, Sparsely populated in Extreme North, Densely populated throughout remainder Densely populated throughout remainder Asia: Asia: Sparsely populated in North & center, Sparsely populated in North & center, Densely populated in South East Densely populated in South East Africa: Africa: Sparsely populated in Sahara, Sparsely populated in Sahara, Densely in North & Sub Sahara Densely in North & Sub Sahara

11. Factors Affecting Density Climate: Climate: Warmer comfortable climates attract people. Notice that most people live in a moderate climate region. Warmer comfortable climates attract people. Notice that most people live in a moderate climate region. Economics: Economics: Population distribution has changed over time. No longer are dense populations around primary resources. Urbanization and the move to the industrial and now the information ages have changed population distribution. Population distribution has changed over time. No longer are dense populations around primary resources. Urbanization and the move to the industrial and now the information ages have changed population distribution. Transportation: Transportation: Coastal regions attracted business and people because of ocean transportation. It was true for initial settlement and is still true today. Most major cities are located on the coast. Coastal regions attracted business and people because of ocean transportation. It was true for initial settlement and is still true today. Most major cities are located on the coast.

13. Annual Growth Rate (AGR) Generally it is a measure of "how fast is the population growing?" Generally it is a measure of "how fast is the population growing?" It is measured as the percentage increase in a population over a period of time. It is measured as the percentage increase in a population over a period of time. The calculation used to provide a measure is known as the Annual Growth Rate (AGR) The calculation used to provide a measure is known as the Annual Growth Rate (AGR) The formula is AGR = pop. change x 100% ÷ years for change pop. original

15. Sample calculation of AGR Mexico Mexico Mexico’s population changed from 49 million to 72 million between the years 1971 & 1981 Mexico’s population changed from 49 million to 72 million between the years 1971 & 1981 AGR = pop. change ´ 100% ÷ years for change pop. Original AGR = pop. change ´ 100% ÷ years for change pop. Original AGR = 72 – 49 ´ 100% ÷ 10 = 4.7% (very high) 49 AGR = 72 – 49 ´ 100% ÷ 10 = 4.7% (very high) 49

16. Another… Sweden Sweden Sweden's population changed from 7.9 million to 8.3 million between the years 1971 & 1981 Sweden's population changed from 7.9 million to 8.3 million between the years 1971 & 1981 AGR = pop. change ´ 100% ÷ years for change pop. Original AGR = pop. change ´ 100% ÷ years for change pop. Original AGR = 8.3 – 7.9 ´ 100% ÷ 10 = 0.5% (very low) 7.9 AGR = 8.3 – 7.9 ´ 100% ÷ 10 = 0.5% (very low) 7.9

17. How Fast is Fast? Fast growing: AGR > 2% Fast growing: AGR > 2% For example Mexico, between 1971 & 1981, had a fast growing population with an AGR of 4.7% For example Mexico, between 1971 & 1981, had a fast growing population with an AGR of 4.7% Slow growing: AGR < 2% Slow growing: AGR < 2% For example Sweden, between 1971 & 1981, had a slow growing population with an AGR of 0.5% For example Sweden, between 1971 & 1981, had a slow growing population with an AGR of 0.5%

19. What Is Canada’s AGR? Canada’s population was 30.7 million in 2000, and it is now 34.8 million in 2012. What is our AGR over the past 12 years? AGR:

20. MB’s AGR Manitoba grew in population from 1.15 million in 2000, to 1.26 million in 2012. Manitoba grew in population from 1.15 million in 2000, to 1.26 million in 2012. What is our AGR? What is our AGR?

21. Trends in population growth rates Most countries population growth rates are declining. Especially developed nations. Most countries population growth rates are declining. Especially developed nations. This trend towards lower growth rates should not be confused with decreasing populations. The world’s population is still growing at a phenomenal rate. This trend towards lower growth rates should not be confused with decreasing populations. The world’s population is still growing at a phenomenal rate. Note: Developed nations have lower AGRs. Note: Developed nations have lower AGRs.Why?

23. Economic Conditions that Affect Country’s AGR Better economic conditions affect a number of things that have allowed developed nations to stabilize their populations. Some of the amenities that developed nations enjoy that promote population control include: Better economic conditions affect a number of things that have allowed developed nations to stabilize their populations. Some of the amenities that developed nations enjoy that promote population control include:

24. 1. Education of Masses What does school teach you? What does school teach you? Where else can you become educated? Where else can you become educated? What is the point of school? What is the point of school? If you are educated, what things can you do now? If you are educated, what things can you do now? Beyond subjects, what else does school teach you? Beyond subjects, what else does school teach you?

25. 1. Education rate of the masses: o educated people are more aware of birth control and statistics show that increased education is correlated with decreased number of children.

26. 2. Education of Females Why specifically this gender? Why specifically this gender? What can women do with this? What can women do with this? What will they most likely not do with this? What will they most likely not do with this? How can this be a solution to overpopulation? How can this be a solution to overpopulation? Where does this need to happen and why? Where does this need to happen and why? How can this happen? How can this happen?

27. 2. Education of females: o it is assumed that the education of women has resulted in them taking on a greater variety of societal roles in developed nations. Again statistics show that more educated women tend to have fewer children.

28. 3. Employment of Females What kind of employment can you have without education? Why? What kind of employment can you have without education? Why? When do humans usually start their careers? When do humans usually start their careers? When do humans usually have children? When do humans usually have children?

29. 3. Employment for females: o instances of females working outside the home are more common in developed nations. This goes hand in hand with increased education. Statistics show that in developed nations women are having children later in life and are having fewer children as they put family on hold to develop a career.

30. 4. Birth Control How much does it cost? How much does it cost? Where can people get it? Where can people get it? Is it a priority for people who are starving? Is it a priority for people who are starving? Who is starving? Who is starving? How can WE help? How can WE help?

31. 4. Ability to access birth control: While a trip to the corner store for birth control is a simple task in a developed nation, in lesser developed nations the cost is prohibitive. Feeding the family takes precedent over birth control. Furthermore the availability of a corner store is a problem for some let alone the availability

33. 5. Rural to Urban Why are people moving to urban places? Why are people moving to urban places? What does that have to do with overpopulation? What does that have to do with overpopulation? Where is overpopulation prevalent? Where is overpopulation prevalent? Is there a connection? Is there a connection?

34. 5. Service sector jobs & the move from agriculture to urbanization: o people do not need large families to help on the farm if they work in the city where the jobs are predominantly in manufacturing and in the service sector. o people do not need large families to help on the farm if they work in the city where the jobs are predominantly in manufacturing and in the service sector.

35. 6. Health Care and Services What kind of services do you receive or have access to as a Canadian? What kind of services do you receive or have access to as a Canadian? What do most developing nations have access to? What do most developing nations have access to? What does this have to do with overpopulation? What does this have to do with overpopulation?

36. 6. Health care o prenatal and family planning services are expensive and are predominantly found in more developed nations. We may not recognize the services we have available to us because we are so accustomed to them. However our government collects millions of dollars in taxes that contribute to public health nurses, hospitals, family planning clinics, and family living courses in grade school.

37. Astounding Stats…What’s the Issue? Nearly one in four people, 1.3 billion, live on less than $1 per day. Nearly one in four people, 1.3 billion, live on less than $1 per day. 3 billion people in the world today struggle to survive on US$2/day 3 billion people in the world today struggle to survive on US$2/day

38. Population Control In developed nations family planning, pension plans, easy access to birth control, education and a changing standard of living have all led to a controlled, stable population. However, in lesser developed nations, education, family planning, birth control and pensions are all very difficult to obtain. In developed nations family planning, pension plans, easy access to birth control, education and a changing standard of living have all led to a controlled, stable population. However, in lesser developed nations, education, family planning, birth control and pensions are all very difficult to obtain. What plan (of the 7) would you support to help developing nations control their population? What plan (of the 7) would you support to help developing nations control their population?

39. 1 Legislation by government could make it illegal to have more than a certain number of babies. Legislation by government could make it illegal to have more than a certain number of babies. Is that humane? How do we ensure the correct number. What is done with children over the limit? Is that humane? How do we ensure the correct number. What is done with children over the limit?

40. 2 Some people have proposed that war and famine used to be our natural means of birth control. Some people have proposed that war and famine used to be our natural means of birth control. However if we want to have a manageable plan to control the earth's population surely we cannot let people in famine go unaided or reduce peacekeeping missions. Clearly this is not an option.

41. 3 Increasing education of the masses is correlated with decreased births. Increasing education of the masses is correlated with decreased births. Could we help to provide education in developing nations? Is that humane? Could we help to provide education in developing nations? Is that humane?

42. 4 Pension plans & RRSP's allow us to be secure into our old age and we do not have to worry about having children to take care of us. Pension plans & RRSP's allow us to be secure into our old age and we do not have to worry about having children to take care of us. Is this something we could promote in under-developed nations? Is this something we could promote in under-developed nations?

43. 5 In some regions of the world the disparity between the education received by females and males is tremendous. We know that education of women is correlated with decreased births. In some regions of the world the disparity between the education received by females and males is tremendous. We know that education of women is correlated with decreased births. Is the education of women something we could promote?

44. 6 There is little doubt that birth control is the biggest factor limiting populations in developed nations. There is little doubt that birth control is the biggest factor limiting populations in developed nations. Could we provide less expensive birth control for developing nations? Could we provide less expensive birth control for developing nations?

45. 7 Highly developed economies are associated with decreased birth rates. Highly developed economies are associated with decreased birth rates. Should we concentrate on supporting improvements to their economies as an ultimate route to controlling birth rates?

46. 8 Technology has increased and health care has improved. Death rates are decreasing and people are surviving longer… Should we stop keeping people alive for so long? Is that humane? Who decides?

47. Natural Change There are only two factors that can increase a population, births and immigration. There are only two factors that can increase a population, births and immigration. Natural Increase: considers only births as a means of increasing the population. Natural Increase: considers only births as a means of increasing the population.

48. Natural Change Likewise, there are only two factors that can decrease a population, deaths and emigration. Likewise, there are only two factors that can decrease a population, deaths and emigration. Natural Decrease: considers only the deaths as a means of decreasing the population. Natural Decrease: considers only the deaths as a means of decreasing the population.

49. Natural Change = difference in births & deaths Natural Change = difference in births & deaths Natural Increase occurs when there are more births than deaths (most of the World) Natural Increase occurs when there are more births than deaths (most of the World) Natural Decrease occurs when there are more deaths than births (Some Euros, Japan soon) Natural Decrease occurs when there are more deaths than births (Some Euros, Japan soon)

51. TOP 10 Worst BR’s

52. World Death Rates

53. Top 10 Worst DR’s

54. Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) is a measure of how fast the population is increasing by natural causes (births and deaths). is a measure of how fast the population is increasing by natural causes (births and deaths). The formula is: RNI = BR – DR

55. Population Growth Rate & Standard of Living Stable populations are characteristic of a high standard of living due to: Stable populations are characteristic of a high standard of living due to: low birth rate caused by good family planning, access to birth control, financial planning, education, etc. low birth rate caused by good family planning, access to birth control, financial planning, education, etc. Low death rate caused by good medical care, nutrition, education etc. Low death rate caused by good medical care, nutrition, education etc.

56. Population Growth Rate and Standard of Living Expanding populations are characteristic of a lower standard of living: Expanding populations are characteristic of a lower standard of living: high birth rate due to poor access to birth control, lack of education etc. high birth rate due to poor access to birth control, lack of education etc. high death rate due to poor medical care & nutrition high death rate due to poor medical care & nutrition

57. China vs. India 1 in 3 people worldwide lives in either China, (largest communist country), or India, (largest democracy) 1 in 3 people worldwide lives in either China, (largest communist country), or India, (largest democracy) China remains the most populous nation, with 1.3 billion people, followed by India, which is home to 1.1 billion. China remains the most populous nation, with 1.3 billion people, followed by India, which is home to 1.1 billion.

58. China vs. India India's higher fertility rate means the gap is narrowing and the UN expects it to overtake China before 2030. India's higher fertility rate means the gap is narrowing and the UN expects it to overtake China before 2030. Both are experiencing rapid growth in urban populations. Both are experiencing rapid growth in urban populations.

60. China vs. India India and China have to face the challenge of providing for their ageing populations, just as many Western nations do. India and China have to face the challenge of providing for their ageing populations, just as many Western nations do. As people live longer and fertility decreases, there will be millions more people in retirement and fewer workers to support them. As people live longer and fertility decreases, there will be millions more people in retirement and fewer workers to support them.

61. China vs. India It has been suggested that China will have to ease its strict one child policy to overcome the problem. It has been suggested that China will have to ease its strict one child policy to overcome the problem. In India, where only 10% of the workforce is covered by formal pension schemes, there are questions over how the elderly will be supported. In India, where only 10% of the workforce is covered by formal pension schemes, there are questions over how the elderly will be supported.

63. Population Pyramids Population pyramids are graphs that show the age structure of a population by age & gender Notice the following points about population pyramids: normally males are on the left and females are on the right; normally males are on the left and females are on the right; age categories are in 5 year increasing intervals labeled up the center axis; age categories are in 5 year increasing intervals labeled up the center axis; the horizontal axis is measured in millions (or sometimes in % of population). the horizontal axis is measured in millions (or sometimes in % of population).

66. 1. Expansive Expansive population pyramids have this classic triangular / pyramid shape. Expansive population pyramids have this classic triangular / pyramid shape. The wide base of this population pyramid indicates a high birth rate & the narrow top indicates a high death rate. The wide base of this population pyramid indicates a high birth rate & the narrow top indicates a high death rate. Generally speaking an expanding population is characteristic of a lower standard of living: Generally speaking an expanding population is characteristic of a lower standard of living: high birth rate due to poor access to birth control, lack of education etc. high birth rate due to poor access to birth control, lack of education etc. high death rate due to poor medical care & nutrition high death rate due to poor medical care & nutrition Note: high infant mortality rate! Note: high infant mortality rate!

67. Expansive

68. 2. Stable population pyramids have a 1/2 ellipse shape. population pyramids have a 1/2 ellipse shape. The base of this population pyramid is similar in width to the population of the reproductive ages which indicates a stable population. The base of this population pyramid is similar in width to the population of the reproductive ages which indicates a stable population. Generally speaking stable populations are characteristic of a high standard of living due to: Generally speaking stable populations are characteristic of a high standard of living due to: low birth rate due to good family planning, access to birth control, financial planning, education, etc.; low birth rate due to good family planning, access to birth control, financial planning, education, etc.; low death rate due to good medical care, nutrition, education etc. low death rate due to good medical care, nutrition, education etc.

69. Stable

70. 3. Contracting population pyramids have a narrower base than the reproductive age population. population pyramids have a narrower base than the reproductive age population. This indicates a decreasing population trend. This indicates a decreasing population trend. The low birth rate is indicative of a well developed country. The low birth rate is indicative of a well developed country.

72. Reading Population Pyramids Observing different characteristics of the population pyramid can tell you a lot about the population.

73. Note: width of the base Birth rate varies with the width of the base. Birth rate varies with the width of the base. A wide base indicates a high birth rate and a narrow base indicates a low birth rate. A wide base indicates a high birth rate and a narrow base indicates a low birth rate.

74. Note: Symmetry

75. Symmetry Statistically speaking pyramids should be relatively symmetrical. Statistically speaking pyramids should be relatively symmetrical. Any asymmetry indicates a difference in the male and female population. Any asymmetry indicates a difference in the male and female population. This pyramid shows more females at the 85+ age range which indicates that women are living to older ages than males This pyramid shows more females at the 85+ age range which indicates that women are living to older ages than males

76. Note: Shapes of sides Concave sides indicate a high death rate and convex sides indicate a low death rate. Concave sides indicate a high death rate and convex sides indicate a low death rate. This population pyramid exhibits concave sides indicating a high death rate. This population pyramid exhibits concave sides indicating a high death rate.

77. Note: Bumps in the sides Irregularities in the sides indicate a demographic anomaly. Irregularities in the sides indicate a demographic anomaly. The 30 -50 age group in this population pyramid represents the baby boom. This bump will travel upward as the baby boomers age. The 30 -50 age group in this population pyramid represents the baby boom. This bump will travel upward as the baby boomers age.

78. Trends with Pyramids Developed Nations Less people having children (lower birth rates) Less people having children (lower birth rates) Stable population Stable population Lower Death Rates Lower Death Rates Symmetrical pyramids throughout Symmetrical pyramids throughout Other? Other? Developing Nations Higher BR (more births) Higher BR (more births) Higher DR (more deaths) Higher DR (more deaths) Looks like a pyramid Looks like a pyramid Mostly young population (lower life expectancy) Mostly young population (lower life expectancy) Other? Other?

79. What do our “two” Worlds look like now? What will “they” look like later?