1. The concept of the integrated spatial platform for land, water and biodiversity Ronan Uhel

2. Spatial Integration of Environmental & Socio-Economic Data Collection Mapping Sampling Socio- Economic Statistics Individual Sites Monitoring

3. An EEA proposal to GMES: partnership for Integrated Assessment of Land, Biodiversity & Water Wetland degradation Pesticide s to water Forest manage ment Eutroph ication Water Quality Intensive agricultur e Species dynamic s

4. Changes in land cover: indices of conflicts in land use and degradation of ecosystems Land UseEcosystems &

5. Platform for Integrated Spatial Assessment of Land, Biodiversity & Water, based on Corine Land Cover

6. EEA/Land Accounts Project Provisional results (Nov. 2004) jean-louis.weber@eea.eu.int Example of spatial integration (1): Potential connectivity of Natura2000 sites Natura 2000 sites Rivers (p.m. Wetlds, lakes) Landscape Natural Potential

7. Natura 2000 sites Rivers (p.m. Wetlds, lakes) Landscape Natural Potential EEA/Land Accounts Project Provisional results (Nov. 2004) Example of spatial integration (2) N2000 & Agriculture Cultivation of marginal land Farmland abandonment Portugal-Alentejo Spain - Huelva Spain – Huelva

8. EEA/Land Accounts Project Provisional results (Nov. 2004) jean-louis.weber@eea.eu.int Example of spatial integration: N2000 & Urban Sprawl C. de Madrid Comunidad de Madrid Total urban sprawl Landscape Natural Potential Natura 2000 sites Roads Portugal- Algarve Algarve Urban sprawl over semi-natural land

9. EEA/Land Accounts Project Provisional results (Nov. 2004) Total urban sprawl Landscape Natural Potential Natura 2000 sites Roads Example of spatial integration: N2000 & Urban Sprawl Coastal perspective Potential conflicts in land use: urban vs. conservation Urban sprawl over semi-natural land

10. Landscape Natural Potential Missing data by Nov. 2004 Differentiation of landscape: urban sprawl in NW Europe & in New member countries Total urban sprawl

11. Missing data by Nov. 2004 Differentiation of landscape, agriculture NW Europe & New member countries Intensification: conversions pasture to arable Fast agriculture restructuring Delayed process ? Landscape Natural Potential Important conversions arable to pasture & withdrawal of farming

12. Land cover accounts based on CLC2000 are used for IRENA 12 (below) & 24 IRENA12 “land use change” measures the use of farmland by urban and infrastructures development. Results are presented by NUTS3 Same results using the 3x3 km spatial grid of land accounts

13. From land to ecosystem accounting Jean-Louis Weber

14. Land environmental accounts  … are part of the UN integrated economic- environmental accounting system, the so-called SEEA  Measure stocks as well as change due to gains and losses (flows)  Are one of the ways for integrating ecosystem and economic data  Land COVER accounts are implemented at the EEA from CLC2000 Land cover account, Comunidad de Madrid, 1990-2000 Source: Corine land cover 1990-2000

15. Environmental accounts: 5 key policy questions 1.Cost of environmental protection  the “burden” issue Cost for public budgets: financing of protection (incl. administration and research) Cost for companies: effects on economic competitiveness 2.Environmental performance of the economy  the “decoupling” issue Compliance to national emission standards, respect of international conventions Distances to targets, economic and technological options Use of scarce resource Sustainability of consumption patterns 3.Cost of insufficient environmental protection  the “externalities” issue Depletion of renewable resources (forest, fisheries, water…) Degradation of natural assets (forests, fisheries, soil, water, ecosystems…) Impacts on human health and well being Costs of remediation (instead of protection…) 4.Conservation of comparative advantages  the “natural capital” issue Reserves (ownership, access, operation) Economic rents on natural resources (depletion…) Viability of living/cycling natural capital, continuity of ecosystem services Adaptability to change (global market, climate change, technology) 5.Assessment of policies  the “effectiveness/efficiency” issue Efficiency/effectiveness of environmental policies and instruments Efficiency/effectiveness of environmental sector policies (agriculture, transport…) Environmental impact assessment of social and economic policies Incorporation of environmental concerns in the multiple levels of public and private decision-making (participation, awareness, corporate accounting)

16. Integration in SEEA’s Land & Ecosystem Accounts CORE LAND COVER ACCOUNT Soil Flora & Fauna Water system Atmosphere/ Climate Land use economic & social functions Artificiality of land Intensity of use LAND USE ACCOUNTS Ecosystem services Ecosystem potentials Integrity, health & viability Vulnerability ECOSYSTEM ACCOUNTS Production & Consumption Natural Assets Population Infrastructures & Technologies

17. Integration of DPSIR within the ecosystem accounting framework: e.g. Wetlands *

18. Some problems when integrating maps with point data & statistics Point monitoring data Limitations of samplings: e.g. LUCAS Stratification as a way to improve spatial relevance: e.g. CS2000, or e.g. Water (Ph. Crouzet) Conventional statistics Scale (e.g. NUTS 2 or 3) may be or may not be relevant for analysis & modelling Association of socio-economic statistics to physical entities & types In both cases, need of open access to data (“open content”) Monitoring data Local (and infra-local) statistics (surveys, administrative registers…) Geographic infrastructure (in particular “NUTS 5”)

19. Meaning of sampling results – e.g. Lucas Lucas can deliver this type of information But not this…

20. Stratification for improving spatial relevance of sampling: e.g. CS2000 Figure 1.1: The sampling approach used by the CS2000 field surveyFigure 1.2: Data gathered from a CS2000 sample square The results are relevant for each land type used for stratification

21. Urban strategy: Which cities for Europe? or Polycentric Scenario  What quality of life ? What impact of land use on ecosystems ?  Compact City Scenario

22. BUT… what is a city, an agglomeration ? e.g.: Various definitions of Milan agglomeration circa 1990

23. How can we compare indicators on environment & urban functions in these conditions ?

24. Possible improvements by disaggregating statistics in relation to land cover (1) To get this type of information on population Courtesy Ch. Hoffmann – Geoville (Geoland – OP project)

25. Statistics (NUTS-2 units) A D I SI SK CZ HU Disaggregated statistics A D I SI SK CZ HU Low High Increase of land productivity in monetary units Possible improvements by disaggregating statistics in relation to land cover (2) Courtesy Ch. Hoffmann – Geoville (Geoland – OP project) …or this: regional GDP “apportioned” to artificial surfaces… Test results

26. A possible nested approach for land cover change monitoring accounting T T+3 T+7 T+10 1/100 000 (Corine Land Cover, EU/Countries/Regions 1/500 000 (Pan-European, Global…) 1/50 or 25 000 (Cities, Natura2000 sites, coastal zones)

27. Integrated land cover & land use change monitoring & accounting T T+3 T+7 T+10 1/100 000 (Corine Land Cover, EU/Countries, Regions, Basins) 1/500 000 (Pan-European, Global…) 1/50 or 25 000 (Cities, agri-land, forestry, tourism, coastal zones, mountain …) Socio- Economic Statistics

28. Integrated land cover change & ecosystem monitoring & accounting T T+3 T+7 T+10 1/100 000 (Corine Land Cover, EU/Countries, Regions, Basins, Macro- ecological Corridors) 1/500 000 (Pan-European, Global…) 1/50 or 25 000 (Wetlands, Dry-grasland, Forests, Micro-ecological Corridors, Natura2000 sites… Fauna, Flora, Physico-Chemical parameters In situ monitoring Fauna, Flora, Physico-Chemical parameters Fauna, Flora, Physico-Chemical parameters

29. From land to water: example of integration need: soil humidity Soil humidity can be efficiently measured by combining space and in situ monitoring and modelling. The parameter is used for measuring, modelling and assessing: evapo-transpiration water stress on ecosystems water stress on crops crops yields seasonal water deficits extension of irrigation desertification processes buffering capacity of soil risks of fire risks of flood

30. Data Monitoring & Collection Indicators Assessments Forecasts Data handling Assimilation Modelling Satellite Data System design Information & Data Needs Network(s) In situ Data Local and Sector Statistics Infrastructure Data Science input Data to Information USERS Challenges to integration…