1. Ch. 3 Cell Organization

2. Cells and Tissues Carry out all ___________________ needed to sustain life Cells are the _______________ of all living things ___________ are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

3. Anatomy of the Cell _______ are not all the same All cells share __________________ All cells have three main regions – ___________ – ____________ – _________________ Figure 3.1a

4. The Nucleus Function: _____________________ – Contains genetic material (DNA)

5. The Nucleus Figure 3.1b

6. The Nucleus Nuclear envelope (membrane) – Structure: Consists of a _________________ – Function: _____________________ – Contains _______________ that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

7. Plasma Membrane Structure: Double phospholipid layer – _______________ heads – _______________ tails Function: regulate what goes ______ and ____________ cell

8. Plasma Membrane Figure 3.2

9. Cytoplasm Definition: the material outside the ___________ and inside the __________________ Contains three major elements – __________ Fluid that suspends other elements – _____________ Metabolic machinery of the cell “ Little organs ” that perform functions for the cell – ________________ Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products

10. Cytoplasmic Organelles Figure 3.4

11. Cytoplasmic Organelles Mitochondria – Function: _______________, providing _____ for cellular energy –“ Powerhouses ” of the cell

12. Cytoplasmic Organelles Ribosomes – Structure: Made of _______ and ______ – Function: Sites of _______________ – Found in two locations Free in the ___________ As part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

13. Cytoplasmic Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) – Structure: Fluid-filled ____________ for carrying substances – Two types of ER _________ endoplasmic reticulum – Function: _____________________ __________endoplasmic reticulum – Function: _______________and __________________ of drugs and pesticides

14. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Figure 3.5 Ribosome Protein Protein inside transport vesicle Transport vesicle buds off mRNA Rough ER As the protein is synthesized on the ribosome, it migrates into the rough ER cistern. In the cistern, the protein folds into its functional shape. Short sugar chains may be attached to the protein (forming a glycoprotein). The protein is packaged in a tiny membranous sac called a transport vesicle. The transport vesicle buds from the rough ER and travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing or goes directly to the plasma membrane where its contents are secreted.

15. Cytoplasmic Organelles Golgi apparatus – Function: __________ and __________ proteins – Produces different types of packages ___________ vesicles ________________ components _____________

16. Figure 3.6 Extracellular fluid Plasma membrane Golgi vesicle containing membrane components fuses with the plasma membrane Golgi vesicle containing digestive enzymes becomes a lysosome Proteins in cisterna Lysosome fuses with ingested substances Membrane Transport vesicle Pathway 3 Pathway 2 Secretory vesicles Pathway 1 Golgi apparatus Golgi vesicle containing proteins to be secreted becomes a secretory vesicle Cisterna Rough ER Proteins Secretion by exocytosis

17. Cytoplasmic Organelles Lysosomes – Function: Contain ___________ that digest worn-out or non-usable ____________ within the cell

18. Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton – Function: Provides the cell with an ________________________ Figure 3.7a

19. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8a

20. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8b

21. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8c

22. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8d

23. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8e

24. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8f

25. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8g