1. Chapter 3 Section 3

2.  Piankhi  smelt

3. South of Egypt Blue and White Nile Nubia is rocky not much farmland Wealth of Resources – Minerals, gold granite – Precious stones – Goods came from central Africa – Eggs, slaves, ivory, ebony

4.  Nubia’s People ◦ Expert traders ◦ Skilled in potttery ◦ Expert archers ◦ Called Nubia land of nine bows ◦ Hired as Egyptian police and soldiers

5.  Early History ◦ Formed about the same time as the old kingdom ◦ Possessed great wealth ◦ Became rivals with Egypt ◦ Middle Kingdom Egypt conquered Nubia ◦ Adopted Egyptian culture, religion and building

6.  Southern Nubia  Present day Sudan  Kush ruled all of Nubia  Made an alliance with the Hyksos  Trade with Egypt

7.  Middle Kingdom collapses  Kush ruled all of Nubia  Make alliance with Hyksos  Trade with Egypt increased  Egyptians drove out Hyksos 1550 BC

8.  Egyptian invade Kush  Destroy Kerma Temple  Egypt ruled all of Kush 1500 BC  Rames the Great built temples and monuments

9.  Egypt rules for 400 years  750 BC New Kushite kingdom  Kush rulers expand their power north  Piankhi ruler of the Kush  Only ruled for 100 years

10.  Rulers saw themselves as guardians of Egypt’s traditions ◦ Mummification ◦ Pryamids ◦ Hieroglyphics ◦ Not Egyptian dress ◦ Wore crown with two cobras union of both

11.  Resumes in 200 BC  City of Meroe ◦ Junction of two rivers ◦ Called island of Meroe ◦ Used wood for homes

12.  Mineral resources ◦ Copper, gold, precious stones  Iron most valuable product  Started their own writing  Used wealth from trade to build and expand

13.  Abandon many Egyptian elements of culture  Created own alphabet  Women had high stature  Female rulers

14.  Decline in trade 200 AD  Hostile people invade trade routes  Smelt- to refine iron ore  Needed wood and ran out  350 AD Aksum invaded  Located in present day Ethiopia