1. WORKSHEET1 General Structural Concepts

2. A. fundamental concepts 0.7 kN a) on Earth (g = 10 m/s 2 )? Q1. A person has a mass of 70 kgs. What is their weight in (kN) 2.1 kN b) on a roller coaster (g1 = 3 x g)? c) on the moon (g2 = 0.17 x g)? 0.12 kN We = 70 x 10 /1000 = Wr = 70 x 30 /1000 = Wm = 70 x 1.7 /1000 = Wr = 0.7 x 3 = Wm = 0.7 x 0.17 = Weight is a force. Weight = Mass x g where g = 10 m/s 2 on earth 1kg of mass = 10N of force on earth. 100kg of mass = 1kN weight on earth

3. Q2. What is the force: 3 kN Q3. What is the pressure exerted: On Surface S if the base of Block B is 200 x 150 mm? 100 kPa P = 3 / 0.20 x 0.15 = 100 kN/m 2 = b) Acting up on Block B? a) Acting down on Surface S? A. fundamental concepts (100 + 200) * 10 / 1000 ) = P = F / A The table pushes back with the same force that is put on it

4. a) A? Q4. What is the moment at: B A C 5m 2kN 3m M A = 2 x 5 = 10 kNm b) B? M B = 2 x 3 = 6 kNm c) C? M C = 2 x 0 = 0 kNm A. fundamental concepts M = F * D Moment is a turning effect and equals force x distance

5. A. fundamental concepts Q5. a) Indicate the force or (forces) necessary to establish equilibrium (show the forces graphically) Equilibrant = √(10 2 +10 2 ) = 10 / sin45 = 14.1 10kN 14.1kN 10kN Equilibrant 45 o

6. A. fundamental concepts Q5. a) Indicate the force or (forces) necessary to establish equilibrium (show the forces graphically) F2= ? kNF1= 12kN ABC 3m1m 16 kNm Taking moments about B, b) What is the reaction at B (after you have restored equilibrium) Clockwise moment = 12 * 1 = 12 kNm Anticlockwise moment = F2 * 3 = 12 kNm F2 = 12 / 3 = 4 kN ∑ M = 0 R1= ? kN ∑ V = 0 R1 = 12 + 4 =

7. A. fundamental concepts a) the same topology. b) the same geometry and different topology Q6. Figures (a) to (d) show 4 structural assemblies. Identify the assemblies that have: (a, c) (a, b) (d)(a)(b)(c) same no. of joints and same connectivity at each joint joints in the same place but connectivity different (b, d) (c, d)

8. B. general principles Q7. What is the function of structure? the function of structure is to resist all the forces acting (on the building) and to transfer them to supports (the ground) the purpose of structure is to provide the fabric of the space enclosure

9. B. general principles Q8. What are the three main considerations we are concerned with when dealing with structure? l stability - equilibrium building must not move - up, sideways or overturn all forces and moments must balance l strength building & elements must not break / collapse l functionality building & elements must continue to serve their purpose must not deform too much

10. B. general principles Q9. Given the post-and beam arrangement as shown, describe Three ways of stabilising it. Draw and name them. l a) cross-bracing l b) knee-bracing l c) rigid joints l d) solid infill (shear panels) l e) build-in posts (rigid joints)