1. Scientific Advances By Luke C and Ben T

2. Doctors possessed little real knowledge to help cure people and there were no hospitals for the sick.

3. The Catholic Church believed that illnesses were a punishment from God for sinful behavior.

4. Middle Ages Medicine was extremely basic in an era when terrible illnesses such as the Black Death were killing nearly one third of the population.

5. There were no Antibiotics during the Middle Ages and it was almost impossible to cure illness and diseases without them. There were no Antibiotics during the Middle Ages and it was almost impossible to cure illness and diseases without them.

6. Illness was surrounded by mystery and superstition.

7. In towns, an open sewer ran down the middle of the street and people tossed garbage, dead animals, and human waste into it every day.

8. No one bathed on a regular basis, contributing to skin diseases and further spreading of germs.

9. Diseases were very numerous and often deadly.

10. For this reason, it was recommended to stay warm and to try not to go out to the cold.

11. The Black Death held a massive mortality rate of between 30 and 40%.

12. The Black Death was treated by lancing the buboes and applying a warm poultice of butter, onion and garlic.

13. The most feared disease during the Middle Ages was leprosy which killed thousands of people.

14. Medicine Leprosy was looked at as an act of God to punish a person, and thus; the church believed that he had done something wrong and when someone had leprosy he would be investigated and sometimes killed.

15. Medicines in the Middle Ages were made from herbs, spices and resins. Medicines in the Middle Ages were made from herbs, spices and resins.

16. Middle Age Medicine The Medicine used to treat some specific illnesses are described below.

17. Wounds were cleaned and vinegar was widely used as a cleansing agent as it was believed that it would kill disease.

18. No one knew about germs or how disease was spread

19. Medicine There were also folk cures that peasants used, but at the risk of being labeled a witch and being burnt at the stake.

20. Medicine Antibiotics weren't invented until the 1800s and it was almost impossible to cure diseases without them.

21. Nobles very rarely went out without proper clothing - and would request to have warm water delivered to them for their bathing purposes.

22. The populations of medieval towns and cities increased, hygienic conditions worsened, leading to a vast array of health problems.

23. Medical knowledge was very limited during the Middle Ages.

24. Medical knowledge was limited and, despite the efforts of medical practitioners and public and religious institutions to institute regulations, medieval Europe did not have an adequate health care system.

25. Barbers usually doubled as surgeons and "a good bleeding" was almost always their treatment

26. The "bad blood" was drained by leeches placed on the patient.

27. When someone was sick, their friends and relatives prayed to the Saints to heal them and provided the sick person what comfort was available.

28. Coriander was used to reduce a fever.

29. Head Pains were treated with sweet-smelling herbs such as rose, lavender, sage, and bay.

30. A mixture of henbane and hemlock were applied to aching joints. A mixture of henbane and hemlock were applied to aching joints.

31. Horehound cough syrups and drinks were prescribed for chesty and head-colds and coughs.

32. Lung problems were given the medical treatment of a medicine made of liquorices and comfrey.

33. Yarrow was used to treat headaches and wounds, especially battle wounds. Yarrow was used to treat headaches and wounds, especially battle wounds.

34. Mint was also used in treating venom and wounds.

35. Myrrh was used as an antiseptic on wounds.

36. Letting blood was conducted by cupping or leeches

37. The medicine was applied in drinks, pills, washes, baths, rubs, poultices, purges and ointments.

38. Middle Age Treatment Various other remedies were tried including tobacco, arsenic, lily root and even dried toad.

39. Alchemy To discover the relationship of man to the cosmos and take advantage of that relationship to the betterment of mankind. To find the "philosopher's stone," an elusive substance that was believed to make possible the creation of an elixir of immortality and the transmutation of common substances into gold. In the later Middle Ages, to use alchemy as a tool in the advancement of medicine (as Paracelsus did).

40. Achievements from alchemy Medieval alchemists produced hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, potash and sodium carbonate. They were able to identify the elements arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Through their experiments, medieval alchemists invented and developed laboratory devices and procedures that are, in modified form, still used today. The practice of alchemy laid the foundation for the development of chemistry as a scientific discipline.

41. During the middle ages the best scientists and doctors where not in Europe but instead in the Islamic empire to the east and south so they sent Europeans to live in west Asia to spread science to Europe.

42. The scientific revolution was not marked by any single change but of many different changes to science.

43. People and their achievements Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) published De Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body) (1543), which discredited Galen's views. He found that the circulation of blood resolved from pumping of the heart. He also assembled the first human skeleton from cuttingAndreas Vesalius (1514–1564) published De Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body) (1543), which discredited Galen's views. He found that the circulation of blood resolved from pumping of the heart. He also assembled the first human skeleton from cutting open cadavers.open cadavers.

44. William Gilbert (1544–1603) published on the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on the Great Magnet the Earth in 1600, which laid the foundations of a theory of magnetism and electricity.

45. Sir Francis Bacon 1561–1626 published Novum Organum in 1620, which outlined a new system of logic based on the process of reduction, which he offered as an improvement over Aristotle's philosophical process of syllogism. This contributed to the development of what became known as the scientific method.

46. Galileo Galilei 1564–1642 improved the telescope, with which he made several important astronomical discoveries, including the four largest moons of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and the rings of Saturn, and made detailed observations of sunspots. He developed the laws for falling bodies based on pioneering quantitative experiments which he analyzed mathematically.

47. Question 1 The Black Death was treated by lancing the buboes and applying a warm poultice of butter, onion and garlic.

48. Question 2 Question 2 Who did the Europeans get there scientific knowledge from? The Islamic

49. Question 3 Yarrow was used for Yarrow was used forheadaches

50. Question 4 What was one the goals scientists worked to in alchemy To discover the relationship of man to the cosmos and take advantage of that relationship to the betterment of mankind. To find the "philosopher's stone," an elusive substance that was believed to make possible the creation of an elixir of immortality and the transmutation of common substances into gold. In the later Middle Ages, to use alchemy as a tool in the advancement of medicine (as Paracelsus did

51. Question 5 The Black Death held a massive mortality rate of between. 30 and 40%