1. The Earth’s Layers and Plate Tectonics

2. Objective: YOU will be able to describe the various characteristics of the Earth. –Shape, Size, Distance. –Layers of the Earth

3. Earth’s Layers The circumference of the earth at the equator is 24,901.55 miles The earth through the poles the circumference is a bit shorter - 24,859.82 miles. (What shape is the Earth?) Equatorial bulge caused by Earth’s spin and sun/moon’s gravity The Earth is made of 3 layers- crust, mantle, and core.

5. Layers of the Earth

6. Inner Core Solid Mostly Iron (about 90%)

7. Outer Core Liquid Iron, Oxygen, Nickel,sulfur

8. Mantle 85 % of volume of the Earth Mantle is near melting point Molten Magnesium, Iron, Silicon Heat Flow, gravity, magnetism are studied. Magma heating and cooling. (convection)

9. Crust 1% of Volume of the Earth Broken, interrupted rock Eruption, erosion, movement How do changes in the crust affect people living on it?

10. Earth Stats 93 million miles from sun While we're hurtling through space at nearly 67,000 mph (revolve), we're also spinning around in circles at over 1000 mph! (rotation) The Sun is a fusion nuclear reaction- it powers the whole system The Earth’s magnetosphere protects us from the sun’s deadly radiation. Greenhouse Effect – warms Earth

11. Assignment: Write a short story about your journey to the core of the Earth. Include facts about the Earth’s layers. Be creative, but be sure to describe the features you would see along your journey.

13. Earth is a giant magnet. Core generates an electric current and magnetic forces.

14. Greenhouse Effect

16. Earth’s axis Axis is the imaginary line running through the Earth from pole to pole. Earth is divided into hemispheres- equator divides N & S, while Prime Meridian divides E&W. Earth’s Axis- 23.5° - causes seasons- the uneven distribution of heat causes ocean currents and the weather

20. Continental Drift Earth’s crust is broken up into plates which float around on magma and bump into each other. Plates move at a rate of between ½ to 4 inches annually

21. Continental Drift Convergence- when 2 plates come together, forming mountains Subduction- when 1plate slides under the other Divergence- when magma rises to the surface, creating new ocean floor- sea floor spreading Faulting- when 2 plates slide against each other- fault line Continental rift- when a continent is pulled apart

24. Over 225 Million years ago. It is believed that there was one super continent. Pangaea