1. By Stephanie Ellegood Graves Central Elementary School

2. territories: Large regions of ____________. Within the United States, territories often refers to areas that have not yet been organized into ______________. Manifest Destiny: “___________________”. In the 1800’s many Americans believed that is was _____________ and ______________ for the United States to expand _______________ to the __________________________________. annex: to _______ new ____________ to a _______________ by taking control of it

3. The United States gained control over most of the territory between the _______________ _________________ and the _____________________________________ from Britain after the _________________________ War. Many white settlers moved into this land, but many others wanted to move farther into land past the __________________________________. In the Southeast, Florida was controlled by ____________________. Much of the land west of the Mississippi River was claimed by __________________.

4. Land even farther west was claimed first by ______________ and then by __________________. This included land where Texas and California are today. Land in the Northwest (where Washington and Oregon are) was claimed by ______________. ______________ also claimed some of the land there in the Northwest. Why did Americans want these lands? Americans wanted land for ______________, opportunities to __________, and build __________. Many Americans believed it was natural and right to spread their religion, government, and way of life to the Pacific Ocean. This was called America’s _____________________________.

5. The Louisiana Purchase was the first large addition to the United States. The United States bought most of the land between the ________________________________ and the _______________________________________ from the country of ______________. The U.S. bought this land so they could ship goods do the Mississippi River to the port in _________________ where goods could be sent to the Atlantic Coast. This was easier and cheaper than shipping _________ across the __________________________________.

6. President _________________________ offered to buy New Orleans for _____ million dollars. France really needed $MONEY$!!! They sold the entire Louisiana Purchase for ____ million dollars. This doubled the size of the United States overnight. This purchase was bad for ____________________ because it took their homelands. They were forced to move west to ____________________ in the state of ___________________. Many died from starvation, freezing to death, or from diseases on their journeys.

7. BEFORE the Louisiana Purchase, President __________________ sent to former ________________ to lead an expedition to explore the land. These men were Meriwether _____________ and William ___________. Their job was to map the land and describe its soil, plants, animals, and Native Americans. He also wanted them to find locations for _______________ posts and search for the _________________ ______________ (all water route across North America to the Pacific Ocean).

8. Their journey began May 14, 1804 in the city of _______________________ heading up the ____________________ River. They traveled with over 40 more men including Clark’s slave named __________. He was the first African American to cross North America. While looking for the Pacific Ocean, they spent a cold winter with the ____________ Native Americans in what is now North Dakota. They met a Native American young woman named _____________________ who led them over the Rocky Mountains.

9. They eventually found 3 rivers (_______________ River, ________________ River, and _______________ River) that led to the Pacific Ocean. They reached the ocean in Nov. 1805. On the trip home, they found 2 new routes across the Rocky Mountains. They returned home as H_R_E_.

10. In the early 1800’s the land where Florida is today was controlled by ______________. Americans who lived near Florida wanted the US to take it over. Sometimes their ________________ ran away to Florida and hid with (or even joined) the ________________ tribe of Native Americans. Slave owners from _______________ also were upset when the ___________________ sometimes raided their settlements.

11. General Andrew _________________ went to Florida and ended the raids by the Seminole but President James ___________________ didn’t support everything the general did. General Jackson marched into Florida and blew up a ________ controlled by runaway __________________. In 1819 Spain gave ___________ to the US, and the US paid settlers in Georgia $5 million for lost slaves and property damage. The government ordered the Seminole to _________________, but many refused. The Seminole fought against the US one more time before they gave up and headed west.

12. In the early 1800’s, Spain controlled _______________ and most of the Southwest US. In the 1820’s, Mexico became independent from ________________ and took over Spanish territory. Part of this territory was what is now _________________. Most people there were Nat. Am. The Mexican government wanted more settlers in Texas so they could raise __________ and ___________________, pay ________________, and spread the _____________________ religion. Americans were promised _________ land in Texas if they would settle there, promise to obey Mexican ____________ and accept the ____________________ religion.

13. There began to be arguments between the settlers and the Mexican government. (Ex: slavery was outlawed in Mexico but most Americans had slaves). In 1833, the settlers, represented by Stephen ________________, asked Mexico if Texas could have their own government. Mexico said ____. By 1835 Texan and Mexican _____________ were fighting. In 1836, Texas declared __________________________. The Mexican president led an army into Texas to punish the settlers for breaking their agreement.

14. Less than ________ Texans and other Americans defended themselves in San Antonio, Texas at a fort called the ____________. The Mexicans demanded that they surrender. The group fought off Mexicans at the _______________ for over _____ days. Eventually the defenders of the Alamo were killed including Jim ___________ and Davy ________________. Six weeks later, General Sam _______________ took over ______ Texans to attack __________________________ ) the Mexican president. The Texans yelled “________________ the Alamo!” The Texans won, captured Santa Anna, and released him when he promised to give ____________ its independence. For _____ years Texas ruled itself and was called the “_________________ Republic.” In 1845, Texas became the _____ state.

15. Early settlers dreamed of controlling the ______________________ territory known as Oregon Country. It included present day _____________________, _____________________, parts of other states and western ___________________. Then it was controlled by Britain and the US. North of it ______________ controlled Alaska. In 1844 President James ____________ promised to take control of all of Oregon Country from the northern border of __________________ to the southern edge of ______________. The northern boundary was deep in British controlled territory at latitude ____° _____’ north. Supporters of President Polk chanted “Fifty-four forty or __________”.

16. Neither side wanted to fight, and more Americans lived there than _____________ or _______________. Also, the British had already trapped out most of the _____________ for their furs. In 1846, Britain and the US agreed to a boundary line a 49° North from the Rocky Mtns. to the ____________________ Ocean. The US got the land south of this line. As Congress gave away land to American settlers, Native American land was taken for hunting, farming, and ranching causing most Native Americans to move onto ____________________.

17. When Texas became part of the US, Mexico wanted it back and knew the US wanted other Mexican lands such as ______________________________. Mexico and the US disagreed on the southwestern ______________________. Americans wanted the border to be the __________________________. In 1846, President _______________ sent an army with General Zachary ________________ to protect the Rio Grande. When the Mexicans tried to defend their land, US soldiers were killed as they crossed the river. The deaths of US soldiers gave Pres. ___________ the excuse to go to war with Mexico. On May 13, 1846 Congress voted to declare _______. Some Americans were for the war. Some Americans were against the war.

18. The President ordered the army to capture the Mexican capital city of ___________________. Many soldiers died from both sides. Mexico ________________ to surrender even after the capital city was captured. Mexico finally _______________________. In February 1848, Mexico agreed to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico ____________ (gave up) a large amount of land including present-day states of California, New Mexico, _________, and _______________ plus parts of ____ other states. Mexico also agreed to make the _______________________ the Texas/Mexico border. This was called the Mexican ______________________ and cost the US _____ million dollars.

19. Five years later (_________), Congress bought one more piece of Mexico. It was south of the _________ River in present day ___________________ and _______________________. The land had a pass through the _______________________ that would be good place for trains to cross. This was called the ______________________ Purchase. Many diverse people continued to settle the lands of the Southwest and mistreated the Native Americans who lived there.