1. 3. 01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 3
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

2. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
3.01, 3.02 Essential Questions
What are the structures of the nervous system?
What are the functions of the nervous system?
What are some disorders of the nervous system?
How are nervous system disorders treated?
How does the nervous system relate to the body’s communication systems?
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 2

3. Introduction: Structures of the nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

4. Cellular structures of the nervous system
Neuron- a nerve cell
Extensions of the neuron
Dendrites - many
Axon - one
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

5. Cellular structures of the nervous system
Neuron- a nerve cell
Myelin sheath - a special covering of the axon
Synapse – the space between neurons
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

6. Functions of the nervous system: Neurons
What do they do?
How do these functions impact health?
Sensory
Motor
Associative
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 6 6

7. Structures of the nervous system
Central nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord

8. Structures of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Nerves
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Sensory receptors

9. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

10. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
Think about it…
How do you use your brain?
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 10

11. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Cerebrum
Divided into two hemispheres (right and left)
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe

12. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
How do you use your Cerebrum?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe 12

13. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain
Structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal body
Pituitary gland

14. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Thalamus – spherical mass of gray matter; deep in the cerebral hemispheres
Hypothalamus – lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic system
Pineal body – endocrine system gland
Pituitary gland – endocrine system gland

15. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain
Structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal body
Pituitary gland 15

16. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Thalamus – spherical mass of gray matter
Hypothalamus
Pineal body
Pituitary gland 16

17. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Limbic system
Located in the center of the brain
Encircles the top of the brain stem.
Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)

18. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Cerebellum

19. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain How do you use your cerebellum?
Discuss the functions of the cerebellum illustrated in this gymnast’s picture. 19 19

20. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

21. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
How do you use your brain stem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata 21

22. Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
Discuss the relevance of the
brain stem for these functions? 22

23. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Meninges
Dura mater
Outermost layer
Arachnoid
Middle layer
Pia mater
Innermost layer

24. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Ventricles - lined cavities deep within the brain
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Choroid plexus – rich network of blood vessels

25. Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord
Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid

26. Functions of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord
Discuss the functions of the spinal cord.
What is the relevance to health?
Brain
Body
Structures 26

27. Structures of the peripheral nervous system
Anterior View
Peripheral nervous system
12 cranial nerves
31 pairs of nervous
Posterior
view 27

28. Structures of the peripheral nervous system
I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal
Cranial nerves

29. Structures of the peripheral nervous system
31 pairs of spinal nerves

30. Structures of the peripheral nervous system
Motor system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system

31. Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Extends from the base of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column
These nerves connect to all internal organs
Parasympathetic nervous system
The vagus nerve connects the medulla with organs of the upper body
The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body

32. Somatic nervous system
These nerves are located along the spinal cord.
Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain.

33. Functions of the Peripheral nervous system
Cranial
Spinal
What do the peripheral nerves do?
What is their relevance to health?
Also called
sensory-somatic
nervous system 33

34. Structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems
Check your knowledge…

35. Structures of the nervous system
Remember this!

36. Functions of the nervous system
Discuss the relevance of the nervous system to the body’s communication systems. 36

37. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Alzheimer’s disease
Who is at the greatest risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
How is it prevented? 37

38. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Multiple
Causes
cause
cause
Cerebral palsy
What is cerebral palsy?
How is it treated?
Which healthcare team members will take care of the patient with cerebral palsy?
cause
cause
cause 38 38

39. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Epilepsy
What is epilepsy?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
Should a person with epilepsy be allowed to drive? 39

40. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Hydrocephalus
Hydro- cephal -us
Define the terms. Do the meanings of the parts represent the whole?
Who is most likely to develop hydrocephalus?
How is it treated? 40

41. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Meningitis
What causes of meningitis?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated? 41

42. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Multiple sclerosis
What are the symptoms?
Who is most likely to develop it?
How is it treated?
What is the prognosis? 42

43. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Neuritis
neur- -itis
Discuss the terms.
Discuss the pattern of symptoms presented and why.
How is neuritis prevented? 43

44. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Paralysis
“disabling of a nerve”
How does this quote relate to paralysis?
What are the symptoms?
What is the prognosis? 44

45. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Parkinson’s disease
What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
Who is most likely to have this disorder?
How is it treated? 45

46. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Poliomyelitis
What is the impact of this disorder?
How can it be prevented?
How is it treated?
What is the prognosis? 46

47. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
Spinal cord injury
What are the symptoms?
What determines a patient’s symptoms?
How is it treated?
What are the risk factors for teens? 47

48. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
West Nile Virus
Where is the greatest incidence of West Nile virus?
What are the risk factors?
How is it prevented?
How is it treated? 48

49. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
What are some common symptoms of neurological disorders?
What are some common prognoses?
Why do these commonalities exist? 49

50. 3.02 Essential Questions
What are the structures of the nervous system?
What are the functions of the nervous system?
What are some disorders of the nervous system?
How are nervous system disorders treated?
How does the nervous system relate to the body’s communication systems? 50