1. Controlling Insects!

2. Insecticides
Identify common insect pests and select an effective control method for each.
Describe the six ways in which insects are killed by insecticides.
List the names and characteristics of the three major groups of insecticides.
Compare the six ways in which insecticides are applied.
Explain the relationship between the life cycle of insects and timing of application.

3. What is an insect?
Insectsmall animal with three defined body regions and three pairs of legs!
HEAD, THORAX, and ABDOMEN!

4. 6 Common Orders! Orthoptera- includes the grasshopper and locust
Hemiptera - includes the true bugs such as leaf hoppers and plant bugs
Lepidoptera – moths and butterflies
Homoptera- aphids
Thysanoptera- thrips
Coleoptera- which is the largest group of the insect orders, including beetles

5. Insect grouping! How are insects grouped?
They are grouped by the way they feed on plants. So they are grouped by their mouth parts.

6. Mouth Parts There are six different mouth parts Sponging
Rasping- sucking
Siphoning
Chewing-lapping
Chewing
Piercing- sucking

7. How Insecticides Kill
Chemicals must kill insects while doing little or no damage to the plant.
Stomach poisonsWork against insects that eat parts of the plant.
Sprayed or dusted on the plant
As insect eats the plant, it is poisoned through the stomach.
Insects that chew food (caterpillars, grasshoppers, beetles) are controlled by stomach poisons.
Example--Rotenone

8. How Insecticides Kill
Contact Poisonskill insects when they are hit by or come in contact with the poison.
Any type of insect can be controlled this way.
Kill by upsetting the insect’s nervous system or breathing system.
Example--malathion

9. How Insecticides Kill
Systemic poisonsenter the plant sap and move throughout the entire plant.
When insect eats parts of plants or suck plant juice, chemical is swallowed.
Effective with insects with chewing or sucking mouthparts.
Effective with insects that hide under leaves or underground.
Food crops—allow time for chemical to break down.
Example--Orthene

10. How Insecticides Kill
Fumigantscontact poisons applied in gaseous form.
Gases or fumes kill the insect after entering system through breathing pores.
Insect must absorb the poison for this insecticide to be effective.
Used to control soil-borne insects that damage roots.
ExampleTAME

11. How Insecticides Kill
Repellantsdo not kill insects, but drive them away before they attack the plant.
Examplealuminum foil (repels flying insects)

12. How Insecticides Kill
Attractants and Phermoneswork in the opposite way from repellants.
They lure insects to their death.
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13. Chemical Makeup of Insecticides
Three groups!
Inorganic Compounds
Organic Compounds
Synthetic Organic Compounds

14. Inorganic Compounds
Mineral origina mineral is used as the basis for the poison
Usually work in the form of a stomach poison.
Example—Sulfur

15. Organic Compounds Derived from plants
Work in form of stomach or contact poisons
Example—rotenone and pyrethrum

16. Synthetic Organic Compounds
Recent origin (last years)
Produced in the laboratory
Many are also toxic to humans.
Three Groups
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Organophosphates
Carbamates

17. Synthetic Organic Compounds
Chlorinated HydrocarbonsLong RESIDUAL Control (continue to kill long after application)
ExampleDDT (not used in US)

18. Synthetic Organic Compounds
OrganophosphatesContains chemicals most toxic to warm-blooded animals
Absorbed rapidly through the skin
Parathionone drop in the eye can kill a human being.
ExampleMalathion (relatively safe)

19. Synthetic Organic Compounds
Carbamatessafest insecticides on the market
Break down rapidly (2-7 days) and leave no residue to contaminate the environment
Do not build up in the bodies of warm-blooded animals
Example—Sevin