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Pests & Diseases. Insects - Anatomy Insects ▫Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs or six legs. ▫The three body regions are….  Head.

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Presentation on theme: "Pests & Diseases. Insects - Anatomy Insects ▫Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs or six legs. ▫The three body regions are….  Head."— Presentation transcript:

1 Pests & Diseases

2 Insects - Anatomy Insects ▫Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs or six legs. ▫The three body regions are….  Head  Thorax  Abdomen

3 Parts of the Insect

4 Life Cycle of Insects Complete metamorphosis ▫Egg ▫Larva  Worm  Caterpillar ▫Pupa ▫Adult  Flies  Beetles

5 Life Cycle of Insects Incomplete metamorphosis ▫Egg ▫Nymph ▫Adult

6 Insects - Mouthparts Chewing ▫Tear, chew or grind food. ▫Parts of leaves eaten away. ▫Example:  Grasshoppers  Beetles.

7 Insects - Mouthparts Piercing-sucking ▫Punctures plant & sucks sap. Rasping-sucking ▫Rasps or breaks surface and suck sap. ▫Example: Thrips

8 Insects - Mouthparts Siphoning ▫Have a coiled tube they dip into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in. Sponging ▫Have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal. ▫Example: Housefly

9 Insect Damage Damage depends on type of mouthparts.

10 Chewing Insects Beetle ▫Eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts.

11 Chewing Insects Cutworms ▫Usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts.

12 Chewing Insects Caterpillars ▫Larva of moths and butterflies and are fuzzy or hairy. ▫Eat young leaves and stems. ▫Roll up in leaves making the leaves curl.

13 Chewing Insects Grasshoppers ▫Eat all parts of plants.

14 Sucking Insects Aphids ▫Pierce & suck juices. ▫Known as plant lice. ▫Cause stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves. ▫Causes sticky substance and black mold which attracts ants.

15 Sucking Insects Leaf Bugs ▫Causes plants to look unhealthy. ▫Lose their normal color and wilt.

16 Sucking Insects Mealybugs ▫Pierce and suck from underside of leaves and in leaf axils. ▫Causes yellow appearance and sticky secretions.

17 Sucking Insects Scale ▫Appear as black or brown raised bumps attached to stems and underside of leaves ▫Causes yellow leaves and stunted growth.

18 Sucking Insects Thrips ▫Chew & then suck plant tissue causing it to become speckled or whitened, leaf tips to wither, curl up or die.

19 Sucking Insects Whiteflies ▫Feed on underside of young leaves causing yellowing. ▫They will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken.

20 Mite Damage Mites ▫Aren’t insects because they have 8 legs. ▫Attack underside of leaves causing gray to grayish-green spots. ▫Severe infestations cause webbing.

21 Controlling Insects

22 Insects must be killed when they are…. ▫Actively feeding or moving on the plant.

23 Biological Control Using natural enemies such as…. ▫Birds ▫Other insects. ▫Etc.

24 Chemical Control Using pesticides or insecticides (chemicals).

25 Chemical Control Contact Poisons ▫Affect the insect’s nervous system and must come into contact with insect to be effective.

26 Chemical Control Stomach Poisons ▫Are sprayed on plant surfaces or are taken into the plant through absorption. ▫Insect must eat or suck the poison to get it into the stomach for this method to be effective.

27 Chemical Control Systemic Poisons ▫Absorbed by the plant and then ingested by the pest when it feeds. ▫More effective than stomach poisons for controlling sucking insects.

28 Chemical Control Fumigants ▫Poisonous gases released into an enclosed place so that insects breathe the gases.

29 Cultural Control Involves sanitation, removing insect breeding and hiding areas and using insect resistant plant varieties.

30 Mechanical Control Using physical controls such as…. ▫Insect traps. ▫Using screens over fans & other openings. ▫Washing plants w/ soapy water.

31 Natural Methods Using natural barriers to control insects such as…. ▫Rivers ▫Woods ▫Mountains ▫Predators

32 Quarantine Physically isolating insects from healthy plants.

33 Combining Methods Using a combination of control methods is called…. ▫Integrated Pest Management (IPM) or…. ▫Integrated Control

34 Plant Diseases

35 What is a Disease??? A plant disorder caused by an infectious pathogen or agent.

36 Conditions Needed for a Disease Three conditions are necessary for a disease in a plant. ▫Host plant ▫Disease causing organism or pathogen must be present. ▫Favorable environment for disease organism to develop.

37 The Disease Triangle

38 What Causes a Disease?? The groups of pathogens are…. ▫Bacteria ▫Fungi ▫Viruses ▫Parasitic plants  Mistletoe  Dodder  Lichens FUNGI

39 Parasitic Plants LICHENS MISTLETOE DODDER

40 Controlling Diseases Warm temperatures and moist conditions in greenhouse plant production make most horticulture plant diseases worse because…. ▫Environmental conditions that support disease- causing pathogens. Preventing plant diseases is better than treating the diseases. Plant diseases must be identified before they can be treated.

41 Plant Diseases – Blight Cause plants to quickly turn brown as if they had been burned.

42 Plant Diseases – Canker Causes open wounds on woody plant stems.

43 Plant Diseases – Damping Off A fungal disease that causes young plants and seedlings to rot off at the soil level.

44 Plant Diseases – Galls Round swellings or growths on plants.

45 Plant Diseases – Leaf Spots Rings of different shades of brown, green, or yellow that make spots on leaves.

46 Plant Diseases – Mildew Grows on leaf surfaces (both upper & lower) as white, gray or purple spots.

47 Plant Diseases – Mosaic Caused by viruses that make the leaves have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark green to light green to yellow to white.

48 Plant Diseases – Rot Causes plants to decay & die.

49 Plant Diseases – Rust Causes small spots on leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underneath side of leaves.

50 Plant Diseases – Smut A black powdery disease that causes blisters that burst open releasing black spores.

51 Plant Diseases – Wilts Disease that blocks the uptake of water in plants stems causing it to wilt.


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