1. Animal Science II- Small Animal
Unit B- The Small Animal Care Industry

2. Discuss the importance of the small animal industry.
Essential Standard 3.00
Discuss the importance of the small animal industry.

3. Objective 3.01
Discuss careers and skills needed for employment in the small animal care industry.

4. Assignment Title your notes today Small Animal Industry
Brainstorm how the Small Animal Industry can benefit society in general. Put a few of your own ideas in you notebook.

5. Benefits of Small Animals
Economic
$38.5 billion to national economy (2006)
Companions to 60% of American Families
Children learn responsibility
Improves quality of life for elderly

6. Benefits of Small Animals
Product testing
Develop drugs and vaccines
Hepatitis, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio vaccines

7. Benefits of Small Animals
Pet therapy
Relieve depression
Reduces heart disease
Watch dogs, police dogs, seeing eye dogs
Rabbit meat
Low in cholesterol, sodium and fat
Fur and wool

8. Benefits of Small Animals
Exhibition
Zoos, circus acts, etc.
Rabbits provide multiple benefits
Pets
Food
Clothing
Research

9. Economics Retail pet stores Biomedical research Education
15,000-18,000 in the U.S.
Biomedical research
Supported by $15 billion in taxes and charity
million small animals
Education
6 million used for dissection

10. Economics 4 million small animals used in the LD50 test
Americans spending on pets
$20.3 billion

11. Economics Veterinary expenses
$9.2 billion annually
Supplies and OTC medicines $9.3 billion
Grooming and Boarding $2.7 billion
Dogs require twice as much for veterinary care as cats
Pet food manufacturers produce $15.4 billion in sales (2006)

12. General Pet Ownership
10 million more cats than dogs (81.7 to 72 million)
Each owner averages two cats
More households have dogs (37.2%) than cats (32.4%)
Fish, birds, and rabbits rank third, fourth, and fifth respectively.

13. Job Types Care and management industry Food and equipment supply Pets
Lab animals
Zoo animals
Health
Training
Biological Sciences
Food and equipment supply

14. Job Types Pharmaceutical and biotechnology research Hospitals
Universities
Diagnostic Labs
Private firms

15. Job Types Exhibitors Operates animals acts Carnivals Circus
Fairs (Cleveland County Fair)
Zoo
Marine mammal displays

16. Care and Management Jobs
Pet care worker
Boarding kennels
Animal hospitals
Shelters
Pet stores
Training schools
Pet grooming parlors

17. Care and Management Jobs
Kennel attendants
Feeds and cares for animals
Cleans
Animal groomers
Bathes, brushes & trims hair and nails
Dog trainers
Teaches the dog to obey signals or commands

18. Care and Management Jobs
Small Animal Breeders
Raise & market fur-bearing animals, lab animals, and supply animals for pet shops
Usually specialized for one breed
Pet shop owners and managers
Dealers
Sell lab animals
Research
Education

19. Care and Management Jobs
Veterinarians (DVM)
Control animal injuries and disease
Disease prevention
Inspection
Meat and animals products
Surgery
Establish diets
Prescribe medications
1/3 small
animals
only

20. Care and Management Jobs
Vet. Technicians
Assist veterinarians and other staff
Skills needed:
Previous experience as a keeper
Part-time volunteer work
Shelters
Pet shops
clinics

21. Discuss the importance of the small animal industry.
Essential Standard 3.00
Discuss the importance of the small animal industry.

22. Objective 3.02
Discuss medical terminology used by those working in the veterinarian phase of the small animal care industry

23. Medical Terminology Components of medical terminology Prefix
Beginning of the word indicating:
Number
Location
Time
Status
Root words
Word part that gives the fundamental meaning of a word

24. Medical Terminology Suffixes
Word part at the end of a word indicating:
Procedure
Condition
Disease
Disorder

25. Medical Prefixes a-, an- without, lack of anti- against, opposing
Anemia- without blood
anti- against, opposing
Antiseptic- against infection
bi- two, double, twice
Bilateral- two sides
dys- painful, difficult, abnormal
Dysentery- abnormal infection of the colon
pre- before
Preoperative- before surgery

26. Medical Root Words carp cardi dors wrist heart back
carpel- pertaining to the wrist
cardi
heart
cardiology- study of the heart
dors
back
dorsal- relating to the back

27. Medical Root Words dent, odont Gastr Gingiv phleb, ven teeth stomach
dentist- person who works with teeth
Gastr
stomach
gastronomy- surgical opening of the stomach
Gingiv
gums
gingivitis- inflammation of the gums
phleb, ven
vein
phlebotomist- person who obtains blood from veins

28. Medical Suffixes algia centesis itis rrhea Pain
arthralgia- painful joints
centesis
Procedure to remove fluid
Cytocentesis- removing fluid from the bladder
itis
inflammation
bronchitis
rrhea
Flow or discharge
diarrhea

29. Positional Terminology
Ventral-underside of the body
Cranial-head
Anterior-front of the body
Posterior-rear of the body
Dorsal-back
Caudal-tail

30. Positional Terminology
Dorsal (frontal) plane-plane that divides the body into the dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts

31. Positional Terminology
Transverse (horizontal or cross-sectional) plane-plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.

32. Positional Terminology
Visit the following website to view a Virtual Cat Dissection
External Anatomy Link

33. General Terminology
Antisepsis
Biopsy
Catheterization
Clutch

34. General Terminology Colostrum Contact transmission Endogenous
Exogenous
Incubation

35. General Terminology Infectious disease Pocket pets
Preventative health care programs
Quarantine
Spaying
Neutering
Zoonoses

36. Explore social issues related to working with small animals.
Essential Standard 4.00
Explore social issues related to working with small animals.

37. Objective 4.01
Summarize animal rights and animal welfare

38. Animal Rights Not the same as animal welfare.
Media may wrongly use the two terms interchangeably.

39. Modern Animal Rights Movement
Over 400 animal rights groups exist today
Came into prominence in the 1960s and 1970s
Initially mainly made up of urban people, many of whom were vegetarians

40. Animal Rights Beliefs
Animals have same rights as humans (humans are also animals).
Use of animals for human purpose is wrong and suggests that humans are superior to animals.
Animals should not be used for entertainment.

41. Animal Rights Beliefs Animals should not be used for:
Food
Clothing
Medical research
Product testing
Ecoterrorism is often used to prevent people from using animals.

42. PETA People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
Largest animal rights group in the world with over 800,000 members
Since 1980, it has been dedicated to establishing and protecting rights of animals.

43. Animal Welfare
Animal domestication dates back to early Chinese and Egyptian cultures.
Early U.S. used animals for food, clothing, shelter, transportation, and horsepower.

44. Animal Welfare (Religious)
Creation view that God gave man dominion over animals including use and care
Genesis 1:26
Various religions use animal sacrifice and detail how to humanely slaughter the animal.

45. Animal Welfare (Legal)
Animal welfare influenced early laws.
Laws protecting animals were present before the animal rights movement.

46. Animal Welfare Beliefs
Humane treatment of animals
Proper housing and nutrition
Proper care for disease prevention and treatment for injuries
Euthanasia or slaughter should be done in a humane way.

47. The Vote? YES NO Do animals have rights?
Should animals be used for food?
Should animals be used for experimentation?
Should hunting and trapping of animals be allowed?

48. Objective 4.02
Demonstrate safe work habits and techniques used when working with small animals.

49. Zoonoses A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans
Example: Rabies

50. Rabies A viral disease Affects the nervous system Contracted by: Bites
Scratches
Saliva

52. Rabies Immunization is recommended when in doubt
93% of reported cases were in wild animals
Children ages 5-9 make up less than 9% of the population receive the most animal bites (30%)
Most domestic animals are not infected if vaccinated regularly

53. Toxoplasmosis Disease from Toxoplasma gondii parasite
Usually carried by cats
Infected by ingesting contaminated mice
Spread by:
Cat feces
Contaminated cat litter
Affects those with suppressed immune system

55. Toxoplasmosis Concern for pregnant women Prevention: Miscarriage
Premature babies
Blindness in babies
Prevention:
Disposable gloves when cleaning litter box
Thoroughly washing hands

56. Ringworm Fungal disease Skin lesion: Spread by direct contact
Round
Scaly and encrusted
Loss of hair at site
Spread by direct contact
Indirectly by equipment
Treatment:
Iodine soap or antifungal drugs

57. Psittacosis (Parrot Fever)
Contracted by caged birds such as parrots, budgerigars, and related birds
Transmitted through feces and fecal dust
Bacteria
Prevention:
Wear dust mask
Eliminating mites and lice
Spraying disinfectants on bird feathers

58. Cat-scratch fever Non-serious Cat bites and scratches Symptoms:
Localized swelling and soreness
Treated with antibiotics
Affected area may be slow to heal

59. Cat-scratch fever

60. Samonellosis Caused by the Salmonella bacteria
Children and elderly most at risk
Symptoms appear 12-72hrs after infection:
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Diarrhea for 4-7 days
Pet turtles and reptiles
Most likely to infect humans

61. Streptococcal Bacteria Results in sore throat
Can be transmitted by dogs
Treated with penicillin

62. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Cause coagulation of the blood
Fever
Headaches
Nausea & Vomiting
Skin rash
Death if not treated
Primarily passed by the American dig tick
6 other species can carry the disease

63. Lyme Disease First case in 1969 in Wisconsin Named in 1977
Lyme Connecticut
Children developed arthritic condition
Bacterial disease (Borrelia burgdurferi)
Distinctive skin lesion 3-32 days

64. Lyme Disease Flu like symptoms
Painful joints
Fatigue may last for months
Can damage internal organs without antibiotics used as treatment
Vaccines can be administered

65. Parasites Gain subsistence from a host organism
Can be internal or external
Children are most at risk because they play with animals and in the areas where animals have been.

66. Ticks Seven species carry Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
Five species carry Lyme disease

67. Roundworms Ascarids (Toxocara species) & Hookworms
Affect dogs and cats
May be passed to humans
Fever
Headache
De-worming cats and dogs most effective preventative method

68. Tapeworms Tapeworm Occasionally carried by dogs and cats
Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD)
Rare
Potentially fatal (50-70%)
Parasitic tumors of the liver
May go unnoticed for years
Avoid hand to mouth contact

69. Tapeworm

70. Life Cycle of AHD

71. Working with Animals Safely
Frequently wash hands and use protective clothing to avoid contamination.
Separate sick animals and treat in separate areas.
Do not eat, drink, or store food and drink in treatment areas.
Never wash lab coats and protective clothing with regular clothes.

72. Working with Animals Safely
Protective Clothing
Rubber unlined gloves, rubber boots, and face shield or goggles with anti-fog lenses should be worn when handling chemicals or applying pesticides.
Leather gloves help to protect from bites and scratches.

73. Working with Animals Safely
Protective Clothing
Coveralls and lab coats offer some protection from bites and scratches.
Respirators should be worn when there is a danger of inhaling toxic dust and other substances.

74. Chemical Safety Use chemicals according to label instructions
Store chemicals in the original container
Avoiding over-mixing and storing chemicals, but if they must be stored make sure they are in a locked location and clearly labeled.

75. Chemical Safety
Dispose of all chemicals and their containers according to label instructions.
Frequently wash hands and exposed area after using chemicals.

76. Proper Handling Techniques
Prevent injury to the animal and the handler.
Keep a first-aid kit available for workers who do suffer bites or scratches.
Briefly restrain animals when needed for examination or treatment.

77. Proper Handling Techniques
To work around the head of a cat, wrap the animal in a blanket and place it into a zippered canvas bag so the handler can grasp the back of the head and hold the head between the thumb and fingers.

78. Proper Handling Techniques
Dogs are restrained by placing one arm under the dog’s neck with the forearm holding the head while the other arm is placed around the animals body to pull it close to the handler.

79. Proper Handling Techniques
Dog muzzles can be created by looping a strip of gauze over the nose and mouth, crossing under the jaw and then tying into a bow behind the dog’s ears.

80. Proper Handling Techniques
Rabbits can be picked up by grabbing the scruff of the neck and placing a hand under the rump for support.
To hold them, simply move the hand from the rump to the abdomen.

81. Proper Handling Techniques
Rabbits seldom bite, but can cause injury by kicking with their back legs.
They may be injured if placed on a smooth surface.
Foot pads are covered with fur.
Can result in dislocation of hips or spine.

82. Proper Handling Techniques
Rats and mice that are used to being held may be picked up by grasping the tail close to the body and then using the other hand to grasp the loose skin in the neck and shoulder area.