1. CrossRef User Group Meeting June 6th, 2006
Ed Pentz, Executive Director

2. “The vast majority of scholarly journals are now online, and there have been a number of studies of what features scholars find most valuable in e-journals. Seamless linking to and from citations, the original articles cited, and bibliographic databases always ranks extremely highly. DOI and CrossRef provide an increasingly flexible way of enriching scholarly literature online with actionable and persistent links.”
-- Sally Morris, Chief Executive of the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers

5. Scholarly Publishing Trends
Everything is online – if it’s not online, it doesn’t exist
Everything is interlinked – if it’s not linked it doesn’t exist
The web breaks down barriers between academic and consumer behavior – everyone is using Google and user expectations are set by Google, eBay, etc.
Article Economy but journal brand stays strong
Economic models changing – consortial big deals, individual article sales and Open Access

6. CrossRef Started For Strategic Reasons
Strategic Intent: To add functions to e-journals that don’t exist in print: enable reference linking between scholarly journals
Tactical Problem: Bi-lateral agreements between publishers were not scalable across thousands of journals
Strategic Solution: Set up industry-wide collaboration and use a standard link methodology

7. Annual Meeting of members elects 16 -member Board of Directors
CrossRef’s Strategy Was To Controlled By Its Membership, Not Special Interests
An independent, not-for-profit, membership association of scholarly publishers
wide range of members
Annual Meeting of members elects 16 -member Board of Directors
Board meets quarterly to set direction with staff implementing
I’ll just touch quickly on what CrossRef is all about and then talk about some recent developments that should improve access to content.

8. CrossRef Started For Strategic Reasons
Chronology:
DOI – 1996
DOI Foundation
DOI-X Project – 1999
Demonstration at STM Innovations, December 1999
CrossRef founded January 2000
System went live June 2000
Formal Mission Statement adopted in January 2003

9. CrossRef Mission Statement
To bring the scholar to authoritative primary content, focusing on services that are best achieved by publishers working together
The CrossRef mission statement is “To provide services that bring the scholar to authoritative primary content, focusing on services that are best achieved through collective agreement by publishers”.
The way CrossRef is doing this now is by running a system for reference linking.

10. CrossRef’s membership
Commercial publishers, academic societies, other non-profits, university presses, open access publishers, institutional repositories
65% of members at the lowest fee tier
STM, humanities, social science, professional
CrossRef is “business-model neutral” – DOI links deliver the user to the content provider’s door (abstract, at minimum) and leave FT access control up to the content provider

11. Two-part implementation
Deposit DOIs and metadata to enable inbound linking
As soon as your content is registered in CrossRef, it is visible for linking by other participants
Create outbound links from your references by querying the CrossRef metadata database

12. What’s a DOI?
A digital object identifier is an alphanumeric string created both to:
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content, and to
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable directory

13. CrossRef DOIs are visible
Publications registered in the CrossRef database, thousands of participating organizations – publishers, intermediaries, and libraries – will automatically pick up links to your content
This drives traffic to your content

14. CrossRef’s Growth Shows Members Like The Strategy

15. The Growth In Articles Shows the Strategy Works

16. End Users are clicking!

17. Moving beyond journals
1.1 million conference DOIs
471,000 book DOIs

18. CrossRef indicators 20.8 million items registered;
14,421 journals, 21,291 books, 8,212 conferences
>10,000 DOIs added per day
350 dues-paying members (64% non-profit)
>1,641 participating publishers/societies
11,000 records/day updated (persistence)
>4.1 million DOIs/month retrieved (links out)
Various content types: books, proceedings, images, figures, MRW entries, datasets, working papers…

19. End-user impact:
~12-13 million DOI
clicks per month

20. Back-file digitization & deposit: 2-3 million DOIs per year

25. DOIs in Google
Publisher Site
Reference to article

26. Beyond journals Books: 489,000 DOIs, from 21,000 works
Proceedings: 1.1 million DOIs to date
Working papers & reports
OSTI, World Bank, SSRN, repositories
Components
Sub-items such as figures or supporting info
Dissertations
Standards

28. DOIs for supplemental data and other components…
/JCI DS1

29. Make Sure DOIs are Used Correctly
CrossRef Guidelines
DOI use in citations; Citation export services
Journal of Applied Meteorology: Vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 1161–1179 doi: /JAM (
Inform authors about DOIs
Include DOIs in all metadata feeds to 3rd parties
Require A&Is and others to link to you using DOIs
Assign DOIs to journal titles!!!
Be involved – CrossRef is your organization

32. International DOI Foundation (IDF)
IDF oversees central DOI System and promotes DOI as a standard
DOI System Draft ISO Standard out for vote for approval as Work Item
7 RAs
European Union Office of Publications, TIB, Bowker, Nielsen Bookdata, CAL, mEDRA and CrossRef
Social infrastructure ensures persistence
Interoperability is future goal

33. Industry Activities NISO Voting Member (Chuck on Board)
SSP participation (Amy on Board)
ISO ISSN revision committee – draft standard out for review
TRANSFER Project – UKSG Working Group
BioImageWeb Consortium

34. Industry Activities
JISC Publisher Metadata and Interoperability Projects II (PALS II)
Research Information Network (RIN) – Advisory Board
(established by HEFCs and JISC - run from the British Library)

35. Governance – board of directors
Anthony Durniak, IEEE, Chairman
Robert Campbell, Blackwell Publishers, Treasurer
Gordon Tibbitts*
Beth Rosner, AAAS
Marc Brodsky, AIP
Tim Ingoldsby*
Linda Beebe, APA
John White, ACM
Bernie Rous*
Karen Hunter, Elsevier
Eefke Smit*
Annette Thomas, Nature
Howard Ratner*
Carol Richman, Sage
Rüdiger Gebauer, Springer
Ian Bannerman, T&F Informa
Bob Hecht*
Thomas Connertz, Thieme
Paula Duffy, U of Chicago Press
Paul Weislogel, Wolters Kluwer
Diana Bittern*
Eric Swanson, John Wiley & Sons
Craig Van Dyck*
*Alternate

36. Committees and Chairs Audit - Linda Beebe Executive - Tony Durniak
CrossRef Search - Craig Van Dyck
Institutional Repositories - Bernie Rous
Loan – Tony Durniak
Membership and Fees – Tim Ingoldsby
Technical Working Group – Howard Ratner

37. Serving members - staff
Amy Brand, Director of Business Development
Chuck Koscher, Director of Technology
Lisa Hart, Office Manager
Jon Stark, Web Developer
Tim Pickard, System Support Analyst
Anna Tolwinska, Admin and Marketing Assistant

38. Forward linking/Cited by links
Add value to content via cross-publisher cited by links
Similar principles to reference linking but…
Opt-in service w/20% surcharge on annual fee
Deposit references/query CrossRef to get the list of citing articles
alerts sent when a new content item is deposited that cites the target

39. Use increasing…but more needed
25,704,951 resolved reference citations (cited-by)
  2,444,653 articles that have at least one matched citation
29,345,906 citations that have not yet resolved to a DOI.
34 out of 340 member publishers participating
5,266 journals that have deposited citations

44. Simple Text Query (Free Text Query)

45. Simple Text Query Working with Inera
Based on Inera’s eXstyles software
Benefits for smaller publisher w/o tagged references/references in PDFs
Will be opened up to end users for small numbers of queries
Most likely there will be charges in future for batch queries

46. Multiple Resolution The next stage of linking – enhanced linking
Publisher controlled links to give the user options
Moves beyond simple one-to-one relationship of DOI to URL
Uses a more complex data model to represent a collection of link targets for a piece of content

49. Multiple Resolution Beta Service
Will launch soon
No fees for beta period
Looking for participants
Examples shown are live DOIs – XML deposit schema is set and being built into regular deposit process (currently it’s a separate process)

50. CrossRef Web Services
New CrossRef service to distribute authoritative metadata to 3rd parties
Improve indexing of authoritative, publisher version of content and enable persistent linking via DOI
Take advantage of collective service
No bi-lateral agreements needed (for metadata)
Establish standards on how member content is linked to

51. CrossRef Web Services Search Partner Program – key terms
Publisher article branded as authoritative, published copy
Publisher article must be first link for user
SE must display and link using DOIs in search results
SE can’t create journal TOCs pointing to non-authoritative versions (I.e. author self-archived versions)

52. CrossRef Web Services Search Partner license agreed April 2006
Work on other licenses underway
Discussion about a library service to be started soon
Introductory pricing set April 2006 – there will be charges to 3rd parties, not to publishers
First partner should be announced soon
CR Members will be notified of delivery partners, see the agreed terms and conditions and can opt out

53. Key benefits to publishers
Provides a technology infrastructure for collective developments
No broken links in citations or database records because of the DOI system
CrossRef metadata database makes content discoverable for linking
Also provides a business infrastructure
One agreement with CrossRef is a linking agreement with all CrossRef publishers
Terms & conditions of participation

54. Conclusion
Towards truly dynamic linking and a better online reading environment for scholars, with:
Robust cross-publisher linking through journals, books and other content types
Use of DOIs in primary and secondary content
Standards set with search engines
Digitization of archival content
Forward linking for complete citation chains
Multiple resolution for more linking options